烟气净化双流体喷嘴雾化特性实验

在烟气净化装置喷雾干燥塔内,进行双流体喷嘴喷雾特性试验,实验研究了影响喷雾粒度、角度以及液滴均匀度的主要因素。实验证明,气液质量比、浆液密度为影响双流体喷嘴雾化特性的重要因素。通过改变运行参数,可以得到合适的液滴粒径以及喷雾角度,该喷嘴用于喷雾干燥烟气中酸性气体的净化,可提高净化效率。     

六盘山生态旅游区旅游步道对人类践踏干扰的响应研究

从生态系统响应和游客主观认知的双重视角,对六盘山旅游区旅游步道对人类旅游践踏干扰的响应进行了研究。结果表明:①自然状态下旅游践踏干扰主要集中在旅游步道边缘1~3m范围内,但不同生态系统差异较大。在调查的3个景区中,小南川景区乔灌草生态统主要集中在旅游步道1m左右;凉殿峡景区高山草甸生态系统集中在1~2m之间;野荷谷景区华北落叶松林下生态系统则达到3m左右;②采用地表覆盖物响应指数(Index of Land Cover Impact,ILCI)和游客可接受改变限度(Limits of Acceptable Change,LAC)来衡量受干扰旅游步道响应程度,在1m范围内各调查样区ILCI均达到4级或5级严重冲击程度;1~2m间以凉殿峡景区ILCI值较高(39%),介于1~2级之间,而小南川与野荷谷景区ILCI值属1级轻微影响;3m及以外三者影响基本较小。游客对游道沿线土壤裸露度可接受改变限度为55.7%,3个调查样区1m范围内植被覆盖减少率(CR)均超过此水平;③调查样区旅游步道响应强弱与游道坡度、边坡坡度以及游道宽度具有一定相关性;④地表覆盖物响应指数因与其它各响应变量间显著相关,可作为评估旅游干扰系统响应的一项简易而有效的指标。研究结果也表明,目前旅游践踏干扰已对游道沿线环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。因此,改变目前景区开发无序状态,加强旅游步道规划设计和游客行为规范,建立长期环境监测系统,将对制定防治游憩冲击策略,促进六盘山生态旅游区可持续发展具有重要指导价值。     

The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial community structure

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol. ● HRT and electrical stimulation modes were key influencing factors. ● Electrical stimulation had little effect on the chloramphenicol metabolic pathway. ● Microbial community structure varied with the voltage application mode. Exoelectrogenic biofilms have received considerable attention for their ability to enhance electron transfer between contaminants and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we constructed anaerobic-aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactors (AO-UBERs) with different voltage application modes, voltages and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). In addition, we evaluated their capacity to remove chloramphenicol (CAP). AO-UBER can effectively mineralize CAP and its metabolites through electrical stimulation when an appropriate voltage is applied. The CAP removal efficiencies were ~81.1%±6.1% (intermittent voltage application mode) and 75.2%±4.6% (continuous voltage application mode) under 0.5 V supply voltage, which were ~21.5% and 15.6% greater than those in the control system without voltage applied, respectively. The removal efficiency is mainly attributed to the anaerobic chamber. High-throughput sequencing combined with catabolic pathway analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Megasphaera, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Emticicia, Zoogloea, Cloacibacterium and Cetobacterium, which are capable of denitrification, dechlorination and benzene ring cleavage, respectively. This study shows that under the intermittent voltage application mode, AO-UBERs are highly promising for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.     

Metabolites change of Scenedesmus obliquus exerted by AgNPs

With increasing emission of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, it is important to understand the effects of ambient concentration of AgNPs. The biological effects of AgNPs on Scenedesmus obliquus, a ubiquitous freshwater microalgae, was evaluated. AgNPs exerted a minor inhibitory effect at low doses. Non-targeted metabolomic studies were conducted to understand and analyze the effect of AgNPs on algal cells from a molecular perspective. During the 48?hr of exposure to AgNPs, 30 metabolites were identified, of which nine had significant changes compared to the control group. These include d-galactose, sucrose, and d-fructose. These carbohydrates are involved in the synthesis and repair of cell walls. Glycine, an important constituent amino acid of glutathione, increased with AgNP exposure concentration increasing, likely to counteract an increased intracellular oxidative stress. These results provide a new understanding of the toxicity effects and mechanism of AgNPs. These metabolites could be useful biomarkers for future research, employed in the early detection of environmental risk from AgNPs.     

CMAQ-DDM-3D在细微颗粒物(PM2.5)来源计算中的应用

应用M M5 (Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model)-Models-3/CMAQ(Community Multi-Scale Air Quality)空气质量模拟系统对京津冀地区进行了模拟,分别采用Brute Force方法和DDM-3D(Decoupled Direct Method in 3 Dimensions)技术对两个代表性城市石家庄、北京的PM2.5来源进行了分析计算.结果表明,两种方法的计算结果具有显著相关性,相关系数在0.950～0.989之间;其次,在某一地区浓度贡献较低的情况下,两种方法的计算结果非常接近,但随着浓度贡献的增加,Brute Force方法的计算结果逐渐高于DDM-3D方法,直线拟合的斜率在1.14 ～2.05之间.以石家庄为例,Brute Force和DDM-3D方法估算的河北南部地区排放的浓度贡献分别为54.7％和64.4％,相差10％左右.浓度贡献空间分布的对比表明,Brute Force方法计算出的浓度影响范围更大,出现某些离散的负值点,或某些负值点与很大的正值点相邻,反映了数值计算带来的计算误差;相比之下,DDM-3D方法的计算结果则更为合理.     

Evaluation of atmospheric sources of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs around a steel industrial complex in northeast China using passive air samplers

The concern about emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from steel industrial parks has increased in the past decades. In this study, polyurethane foam (PUF)-disk based passive air samples were collected in and around a big steel industrial park of Anshan, Northeast China from June 2008 to March 2009. The levels, seasonal variations and potential sources of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in the atmosphere around the steel industrial complex were investigated, and potential contribution of these three groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from iron and steel production was also assessed. The air concentrations of ∑₁₇PCDD/Fs (summer: 0.02-2.77 pg m⁻³; winter: 0.20-9.79 pg m⁻³), ∑₁₉PCBs (summer: 23.5-155.8 pg m⁻³; winter: 14.6-81.3 pg m⁻³) and ∑₁₃PBDEs (summer: 2.91-10.7 pg m⁻³; winter: 1.10-3.89 pg m⁻³) in this targeted industrial park were relatively low in comparison to other studies, which implied that the industrial activities of iron and steel had not resulted in serious contamination to the ambient air in this area. On the whole, the air concentrations of PCDD/Fs in winter were higher than those of summer, whereas the concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs showed opposite trends. The result from principal component analysis indicated that coal combustion might be the main contributor of PCDD/F sources in this area.     

长江,嘉陵江重庆段水环境容量研究

根据特定的水环境容量定义，推导出计算长江嘉陵江重庆干流段和城区段水任人唯贤容量的数学模型，并对计算条件进行了叙述，同时对计算出的水环境容量对空分布也作了较详细的分析。     

聚铁絮凝处理淀粉废水的试验研究

通过试验研究探讨了淀粉絮凝处理中，影响聚铁絮凝的主要因素，即聚铁用量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、搅拌方式及沉降时间对絮凝的影响，优选出处理这种废水的最佳絮凝操作条件，并使出水ＣＯＤ值达到排放标准。     

氨基酸厂废水对土壤—植物系统影响的研究

莴苣盆栽试验表明,氨基酸厂废水在适宜浓度下,可以提高蔬菜的鲜嫩度和维生素C、可溶性糖的含量,并使全氯和硝酸盐的含量限定在卫生标准之内;同时又不会使土壤原有性质产生破坏。废水在紫色土上的最适浓度为1:80(废水与清水体积比,下同),但它在作物生长前期表现为毒害作用与低浓度促进作用并存,且以毒害作用为主,直到后期才表现出营养肥效作用。