磁技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了磁技术——磁电解、磁分离、磁凝聚在工业废水处理中的应用及各种技术的原理和最新研究状况,并阐述了磁技术的优缺点和发展前景。针对热轧废水中的悬浮物具有磁性并可影响废水中油珠的稳定性这一特点,指出了采用磁凝聚法进行处理的优势。     

气泡帷幕减弱水中冲击波强度的研究

通过对水中冲击波与气泡相互作用过程的诸现象进行分析,从能量变化角度探讨了气泡帷幕衰减水中冲击波的最佳方式。通过对水中冲击波引起挡水坞门振动的安全监测及频谱分析,讨论了挡水坞门不同方向上振动参量的变化规律。     

Variation of reservoir fluid property during the high pressure air injection process

This research aimed at determining the variation of reservoir fluid property during the high-pressure air injection process. For this purpose, the forward multiple contact experiment was employed by pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to investigate the physical property variation of the crude oil and the complex oxidation reactions. The results show: under the relative low temperature and pressure condition, instead of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide dominates the products in the air phase. The gas/oil ratio and volume ratio increased due to the generated gas while the viscosity and density achieved a descending trend. The colloid and bitumen in the oil phase reduced by half but the amount of wax achieved a small increase. The low-temperature oxidation and pyrolysis reactions caused the fluctuated change of the different compounds. The amount of light compounds decreased at the beginning and then increased while that of heavy compounds showed the opposite trend. But at last, due to the H/C ratio, the light compounds increased to more than their initial value.     

工业烟气净化系统的风量平衡调节及数值模拟应用研究

为了对某钢铁集团烧结机尾气净化系统的风量平衡进行调节,提出了利用Fluent仿真软件对通风管道内部流场进行数值模拟,在主管和部分支管上设置节流管、调节管径的改进措施。风量模拟结果表明,通风管道的原风量存在严重的不平衡性,吸尘点的风量不平衡率高达75.0%,在部分管道增加节流管可以有效调整管道的风量不平衡性,调整后吸尘点风量的不平衡率为18.8%;对于压力损失较大、风量偏小的管道,可通过管径调节使其风量基本达到设计要求;Fluent仿真软件的风量模拟值与现场实测值有较高的吻合性,数值模拟方法可以为工业烟气净化系统的改造提供参考依据。不仅能够为前期工程设计提供帮助,大大节省工程调试费用,缩短工期,并有助于风量不平衡管道的调节和改造。     

Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan,China: spatial distribution,source identification,and ecological risk assessment

Anthropogenic activities could result in increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil and deteriorating in soil environmental quality. Topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Shiting River Valley, Sichuan, Southwest China, were collected and determined for the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg. The mean concentrations of these metals were lower than the national threshold values, but were slightly higher than their corresponding background values, indicating enrichment of these metals in soils in the valley, especially for Cu, Zn, and Hg. The topsoils in this area demonstrated moderate pollution and low potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis coupled with cluster analysis was applied to analyze the data and identified possible sources of these heavy metals; the results showed that soil Cd, Hg, As, Cu, and Zn were predominantly controlled by human activities, whereas Cr was mainly from the parent material. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals varied distinctly and was closely correlated to local anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial land demonstrated relatively higher levels than those of other land use patterns. Soil metal concentrations decreased with the distance increase from the traffic highway (0–1.0 km) and water system (0–2.0 km). Additionally, soil properties, especially pH and soil organic matter, were found to be important factors in the distribution and composition of metals.     

Potential biodiesel-producing microalgae: two new strains of Amphikrikos sp.

BH32 and BH43 were isolated and identified as Amphikrikos sp. based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic trees. They shared the same 18S rRNA sequences, but possessed different amounts of introns in their 18S rDNAs. The specific growth rate, cellular component and fatty acid profile under different growth stages have been surveyed. Their main fatty acids were found to be C16 and C18 groups. Our results indicated that both of them could be taken as excellent candidates of biodiesel. Moreover, the intra-genus polymorphism of 18S rDNA caused by intron presence/absence can provide valuable information for the study of intron evolution.     

Altitude dependence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface soil from Tibetan Plateau, China

Remote mountain areas besides high latitude regions are beginning to receive increased attention in studying the transport and behavior of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In the present work, surface soil samples were collected from the Tibetan Plateau, the highest plateau in the world which includes the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma, to investigate the levels and trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) along the altitudinal gradient. The average PCB and PBDE concentrations were 185.6 ng kg⁻¹ dry weight (dw) (range 47.1–422.6 ng kg⁻¹ dw) and 11.1 ng kg⁻¹ dw (range 4.3–34.9 ng kg⁻¹ dw), respectively. Regression analysis between the log-transformed TOC-normalized concentrations and the altitudes of the sampling sites showed two opposite trends with regard to altitude dependence: negative relationship with altitude below about 4500 m followed by a positive altitude dependence above this point. Considering minimum anthropogenic activities and very sparse precipitation in the north of Himalayas, the trends above 4500 m imply that the significant altitude dependence of these two groups of POPs were irrespective of pollution sources, but could be predicted by the global distillation effect involving cold condensation in high altitude mountain areas. Increasing levels of heavier congeners were found in higher altitude sites, although the lighter congeners were the main contributors to the total amount, suggesting that less volatile congeners seem to become enriched easier than those more volatile at higher altitudes in this region.     

炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

青藏高原希夏邦马冰芯中阴阳离子的研究

本文对希夏邦马浅冰芯的资料进行了分析,发同离子含量变化显示强烈的周期性变化,反映了季节变化的特征。离子浓度高低变化将指示气候的冷暖变化。并与降水量变化有着反相关关系,与δ＾１８Ｏ存在着对应关系,但δ＾１８Ｏ对气候变化的反映没有各咱郭反映灵敏。     

产富马酸酶菌种筛选及固定化细胞生产L-苹果酸转化条件研究

从土样中筛选得到２０支可将富马酸转化为Ｌ－苹果酸垢细菌菌株。经摇瓶复筛,得到一株富马酸酶活力较高的ＺＧ－４菌株。以改性ＰＶＡ为载体,制备得到固定化细胞。其较佳转化条件为：１经ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｎａ２Ｆｕ为底物,ｐＨ７．０,４０转化。固定化细胞经胆酸ρ＝４ｇ／Ｌ或ＴＰＣρ＝０．６ｇ／Ｌ预处理后,可有效抑制琥铂酸副产物的生成。添加没食子单宁ρ＝１ｇＬ,可使富马酸酶比活力达１．９５ｍｍｏｌ ｇ＾－ｈ＾－。固定