甘南高寒退化草地生态位特征及生产力研究

采取样方法,对玛曲县高寒中度退化草地的植物种群群落进行了研究分析,结果表明:以莎草植物(嵩草)为绝对优势种,杂类草(金莲花)为主要伴生种。非优势种垂穗披碱草、甘青青兰生态位宽度较大,分别为0.913和0.911,而绝对优势种嵩草和主要伴生种金莲花的生态位宽度较低,分别为0.906和0.641。生态位相似性比例大于0.50%的种对约占种群总对数的42.29%。生态位重叠值大于0.040的种对,约占种群总对数的20.55%。生态位宽度较大的两个种群,种对相似性比例一般较高,具有较大的生态位重叠(如种对乳白香青和毛茛0.082),而生态位窄的物种相互间生态位重叠比例较小(如种对二裂委陵菜和金莲花0.033)。高生态位宽度与低生态位宽度的种群也可能有较高的重叠值(如种对车前和毛茛0.065),反之则低。杂类草鲜草产量、地上生物量比例最高,依次为100.00 g/(m2.a)、43.37%。     

环境监测实验室的污染与防治

本文分析了环境监测实验室污染物的种类及危害,指出环境监测站要高度重视实验室环境污染问题,并针对不同污染提出相应防治措施。同时提出了推行绿色化学、清洁实验的概念,具有很好的参考价值。     

Tradeoffs,synergies and traps among ecosystem services in the Lake Victoria basin of East Africa

Lake Victoria is a crucial ecosystem for over 25 million people in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi who live in the basin, and for the greater Nile river system downstream of the lake. Ecosystem management in the Lake Victoria basin has been highly extractive for most of the last 60 years, with the 1990s a period of marked decline in food production, economic contraction, rising poverty, increased burden of human disease, and more frequent floods. Lake Victoria itself is becoming eutrophic, with related problems of species extinctions and invasive species. There is evidence of poverty–environment traps: some households and areas appear to be caught in vicious cycles of low income, low investment in soil management, declines in soil fertility, and soil loss, while other households and areas are able to achieve higher incomes and investments, maintain soil fertility, and conserve soil on their farms.Concepts and approaches from the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) were applied in a study of ecosystem service tradeoffs, synergies and traps in two of the river basins that flow into Lake Victoria from Kenya (Yala and Nyando). Hydrologic units are the main geographic unit used in the analysis, with predictions of sediment yield serving as the main measure of regulating services. Provisioning services are evaluated through a spatially disaggregated analysis of agricultural production, yield and area that combines spatial data from aerial photographs with division-level price and yield estimates.The results illustrate considerable year-to-year variation in land use, agricultural production and sediment yield in the two basins. While overall production appears to be relatively stable at the basin level, there have been shifts in the geographic locus of production toward the upper parts of both basins. A spatial overlay of production and sediment yield indicates that different parts of the basins exhibit tradeoffs, synergies and traps. Results from this study have multiple uses in rural planning, agricultural investment, and watershed management. The results also suggest that the poverty traps conceptual framework may help to enrich the interpretative content of the MA approach.     

废水生物脱氮新工艺

介绍了短程硝化-反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和分段进水生物脱氮3种污水生物脱氮新工艺的原理和特点,并对每一种工艺的影响因子进行了分析,为废水生物脱氮工艺的研究提供了新的方向.     

城市污水处理系统中氨氧化细菌种群结构研究

利用PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术对北京7个城市污水厂中10个处理系统的氨氧化细菌(AOB)种群结构进行了调查研究,发现城市污水厂的AOB种群多样性不高,除了硝化效果不好的一个污水厂外,其他9个污水处理系统中均检测到AOB的存在.切胶测序结果表明主要属于Nitrosomomu oligotropha/aestuarii-like cluster.     

生活垃圾焚烧项目竣工环保验收中存在的问题探讨

分析了目前生活垃圾焚烧项目竣工环保验收工作存在的问题,依据建设项目竣工环保验收规范和新《生活垃圾焚烧控制标准》,提出了解决问题的对策,重点论述加强验收监测工作的规范性,为生活垃圾焚烧竣工项目环保验收工作提供合理化建议。     

锑在淮北芦岭矿区土壤和水体中的分布及其环境效应

锑是近年来受到普遍关注的有害微量元素,广泛的存在于环境中.煤炭的开采利用向环境中释放的锑成为煤矿区环境中锑的重要污染源.矿区承载了煤的开采堆放加工等诸多活动.然而锑在煤矿区的分布及其相关的环境效应至今报道较少.本文以安徽淮北芦岭矿区为研究对象.共收集38个表层土壤样和塌陷湖及周边水体水样.通过分析得出:锑在土样中的平均...     

涂层石墨管原子吸收法测定水中痕量铍

比较了多种涂层金属和基体改进剂对测定水中铍的影响,建立了涂镧石墨管结合基体改进剂(磷酸二氢铵)测定水中痕量铍的方法。该方法最低检出限为0.037 μg/L,相对标准偏差为7.4%,回收率为98%～106%。      

饮用水中有机污染物分子的VRML模型

用半经验量子化学计算MNDO-PM3方法,计算了腐殖酸(HA)和3-氯-4-(二氯甲基)-5一羟基-2(5H)-呋喃酮(MX)的几何构型、电子结构等．用MolSurf软件建立了HA和MX的VRML(虚拟现实造型语言)模型．     

定量结构—生物降解性能关系(QSBR)研究原理及进展

定量结构—生物降解性能关系（QSBR）作为定量预测有机物生物降解性能的一种方法,越来越受到人们的关注．从QSBR的发展、理论基础及方法、结构描述符的类型、QSBR研究进展及所面临的挑战等方面进行了论述．