Tributyltin causes abnormal development in embryos of medaka, Oryzias latipes

We examined the effects of tributyltin (TBT) on embryonic development, hatching success and sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryos (within 8h after fertilization) were exposed to TBT in ovo via nanoinjection at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.16, 0.80, 3.96, 19.2 and 82.1 ng/egg. Embryonic survival, development and hatching were observed. Hatched fry were reared until 60 days when they sexually matured, and sexual differentiation was also examined by accordance of genetic and phenotypic sex, based on existence of DMY (a male determining gene in medaka) and secondary sex characteristics. As results, TBT caused a concentration-dependent mortality and impaired the embryonic development. However, no masculinization was detected at 60 dph medaka adults. Lowest observed effective concentration for inducing abnormal embryonic development was estimated to 0.16 ng/egg (ca. 160 ng/g egg).     

基于B／S与C／S混合模式的煤矿安全信息系统研究

通过对煤矿食业安全信息利用现状的调查研究,发现安全信息未得到充分利用.因此有必要建立一个充分利用安全信息的煤矿安全信息系统,对比B/S与C/S结构的特点,结合煤矿自身的复杂性,选定以B/S结构为主,C/S结构为辅的系统结构,并对系统的功能结构进行深入研究,完善了系统的功能.系统的应用可为煤矿安全信息的及时传递和利用提供平台支持,同时可通过系统内置的安伞评价等模块对系统安全状况进行分析,为矿山安全管理人员提供更深层次的煤矿安全信息,使安全管理更及时到位.     

生物酶催化技术在水污染应急处置中的应用

针对城市生活污水处理厂滞留污水中的高浓度难降解污染物质,提出采用生物酶催化技术对滞留污水进行应急处置,可在最短的时间内有效去除污染物,无二次污染,为环境污染应急处置提供了有效措施。     

成都经济区绵阳市部分县(区)土壤有机氯农药剖面分布特征

应用GC-ECD的方法,研究了绵阳市典型土壤垂直剖面中有机氯农药的纵向分布特征。结果表明:表层土壤(0~20 cm)中,游仙区耕田区HCH含量最高,其次是三台县耕田区,江油市。表层土壤(0~5 cm)中,三台县DDT含量明显高于其他区域同一层段的含量。表层土壤(5~20 cm)中,游仙区耕田区DDT含量最高,其次是三台县耕田区,江油市。有机氯农药的残留量在土壤剖面的纵向分布总体上是随着土壤剖面的加深而降低。HCH的4个异构体的残留量与工业组成相比较有显著差异。总体来说在三个土壤柱中,γ-HCH的质量分数最高,而δ-HCH的最低。p,p′-DDT/p,p-′DDE的平均值分别为:0.14,0.03,0.59。表明江油市和游仙区目前土壤中检测到的只是过去使用后的残留物。三台县有新的DDT输入。     

Comparison of the removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds in pilot scale sewage treatment processes

The removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds from effluents using pilot scale sewage treatment processes, including various treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors (MBR), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for the purpose of water reuse, were estimated and compared. The calculated estrogenic activity, expressed in ng-EEQ/l, based on the concentration detected by GC/MS, and relative potencies for each target compound were compared to those measured using the E-screen assay. The removal efficiencies for nonylphenol, was within the range of 55-83% in effluents. High removal efficiencies of approximately >70% based on the detection limits were obtained for bisphenol A, E1, EE2 and genistein with each treatment processes, with the exception of E1 ( approximately 64%) using the MBR process. The measured EEQ values for the effluents from the MBR, NF and RO processes also indicated low estrogenic activities of 0.65, 0.23 and 0.05 ng-EEQ/l, respectively. These were markedly reduced values compared with the value of 1.2 ng-EEQ/l in influent. Consequently, the removals of EDCs in terms of the EEQ value from the biological and chemical determinations were sufficiently achieved by the treatment process applied in this study, especially in the cases of the NF and RO treatments.     

基于IPOA的巨型组合框架结构震损快速预测模型研究∗

为实现巨型组合框架结构的地震损伤程度快速评估,提出了一种基于改进鹈鹕优化算法（IPOA）的多参数震损预测方法。设计了5 个不同参数的巨型组合框架结构模型,利用振动台试验和有限元软件进行非线性时程分析获取结构动态响应数据,并采用结构损伤指数量化评估结构的损伤程度。同时,引入K 均值聚类优化策略和惯性权重自适应优化策略改进传统的鹈鹕优化算法。基于振动台试验和有限元分析结果数据,比较了不同输入参数组合预测结构损伤的准确性,构建了能反映结构参数与结构损伤之间非线性关系的智能算法快速预测模型。最后,将模型预测结果与一缩尺比为1/15 的振动台试验模型结构损伤程度进行对比验证。结果表明：（1）改进鹈鹕优化算法模型的准确性和泛化能力均优于其他算法模型;（2）最大层间位移角与结构损伤相关性最高,增加影响结构损伤的输入参数可提高预测模型的准确度和泛化能力;（3）模型预测的结构损伤指数与试验结果相比误差均小于10%,预测结构损伤等级与试验结果一致,所提出的快速预测模型能高效准确地预测结构的损伤指标,为巨型组合框架结构震后损伤快速评估提供了一种新方法。     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

煤制天然气发电对中国碳排放和区域环境的影响

PM2.5治理与低碳发展具有显著的协同效应,然而并非所有的PM2.5治理措施都达到低碳的效果,煤制天然气项目是其中最为突出的一类。本文梳理了煤制天然气产业政策与现状,采用全生命周期评价法,对煤炭和煤制天然气发电过程中的CO2、SO2、NOx排放进行了分析。研究结果表明,用煤制天然气替代煤炭,每发1 k Wh电可以减少SO2排放9.73 g,减少NOx排放0.45 g;但同时将多消耗142 g标准煤,增加CO2排放406.2 g。煤制天然气项目对天然气使用地的大气污染防治具有正面作用,但却给煤制天然气生产地带来严重的环境负外部性问题。从而,煤制天然气的生产与消费是一种资源消耗和环境排放的转嫁,而且从整体上提高了我国的煤炭使用量和CO2排放量。定量评估显示,如果将各地建成、在建或拟建的所有煤制天然气项目全部投入生产,每年约消耗8.1亿t原煤,用这部分煤制天然气替代煤炭发电所增加的CO2排放将占2010年全国CO2排放量的3%-6%。因此一味地使用煤制天然气替代煤炭来达到雾霾治理这一目的,忽视其将长期存在的严重的资源环境效率损失和公平损失问题,我国环境保护与低碳发展将陷入"头痛医头,脚痛医脚"的恶性循环。改善我国环境质量的根本途径在于推动能源生产和消费革命,而控制能源消费总量是最为优先的措施。煤制天然气应该用来替代分散的煤炭使用,以此来达到煤炭清洁高效利用的目标。在发电行业,应该大力进行技术改造,实现比使用煤制天然气更好的环境效益。从全生命周期内的资源消耗和环境影响来看,煤制天然气项目建设必须高度重视,慎重决策。     

基于水足迹的流域生态补偿标准模型研究

流域水资源是一种公共物品,其系统的整体性以及资源外部性等特征要求各相关区域应共同承担环境保护.如何衡量各区域水资源开发利用与环保投入的关系,建立合理的生态补偿标准模型,已成为流域管理研究领域普遍关注的问题.本文运用水足迹理论和方法,界定流域水足迹内涵,通过反映流域沿岸各区域水生态服务耗费情况判断分析水生态系统安全状态,提出流域生态补偿标准计量流程及不同情况下的流域生态补偿标准测算模型,从而客观、准确地量化流域生态补偿额度,为管理者正确分析和解决流域各区域间利益冲突提供科学的决策依据与支持.同时本文以碧流河为案例,收集并分析了2002-2006年间碧流河沿岸各行政区水足迹和环保投入情况,理清各区域生态系统状态及相互关系,计算补偿标准,进而验证模型的可行性.     

基于红外热成像技术烃类火灾下沉管隧道开裂分析

为了研究烃类火灾下沉管隧道的开裂深度,建造沉管隧道缩尺模型,采用HCinc升温曲线在沉管隧道左、右两侧孔内同时开展明火试验。在沉管隧道火灾试验过程中,利用热电偶和红外热像仪测量沉管隧道的温度场变化,利用红外热像仪对混凝土裂缝位置的温度变化进行监测。基于混凝土内水分迁移原理,结合混凝土裂缝中水和水蒸气的温度变化及混凝土内温度场分布,推断出在点火95 min时,混凝土裂缝开展深度超过150 mm。研究结果表明：在沉管隧道内部发生火灾的情况下,受火侧受热膨胀容易导致沉管隧道外侧混凝土受拉开裂,在沉管隧道抗火设计中,建议考虑内外侧温差导致的混凝土开裂问题。