光强度对景观水体水质影响探讨

对景观水体来说,阳光会对水质产生一定的影响,而了解此影响的规律可以为更好的保持景观水质提供依据.在遮光和见光两种环境下对水体进行监测,发现光照首先体现在对藻类的影响上,而藻类的繁殖会对其他指标产生连锁反应,进而影响到整个水质情况.水体表面覆盖一定量的水生植物可以从遮光角度对水质的保持有所帮助.     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

云南生物多样性的保护和可持续利用

通过对云南省生物多样性概貌、生物资源特点及生物多样性受到威胁现状和原因的分析，探讨了生物多样性保护模式和对策，以实现生物多样性的持续利用。     

丁基锡化合物在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附行为研究

将海河河口表层底泥制成悬浮颗粒物（ＳＰＭ），采用批量平衡法首次研究了模拟河口条件下三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）和二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）在该ＳＰＭ上的吸附行为．结果表明，ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ均能在ＳＰＭ上发生吸附，尤以ＴＢＴ更为显著．吸附速率可用Ｋｕｏ和Ｌａｋｅ的经验公式描述；吸附过程受ＳＰＭ的浓度及ＴＯＣ含量、ｐＨ值、温度、腐殖酸浓度和盐度影响．实际河口水样中的ＳＰＭ对ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ的吸附百分率也较高，因此ＳＰＭ是ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ归趋的重要场所，去除ＳＰＭ可使水体得到一定净化．     

脱硫用煤基吸附剂的试验研究

进行了以煤为原料制备脱硫用吸附剂的实验研究，其中应用炭化与活化的方法，以对ＳＯ２吸附能力为衡量标准，系统地考察了样品在制备过程中不同温度，不同温升速率及时间对ＳＯ２吸附分离能力的影响，力求找出相应的最佳处理过程，并对机理进行探讨。     

北京市二个主要工业区汞污染及其来源的初步研究

为了调查北京市汞污染状况及其来源，选择二个主要工业区石景山区和朝阳区为研究对象．共采集表层土壤２６个，剖面样品４个，对照土壤样品４个，并且在冬季采集降雪样品和枯叶样品，分析汞含量．结果表明，燃煤烟尘排放的汞是北京市汞的主要来源，汽车尾气和化工厂泄漏可使局部汞含量增高，表层土壤中汞含量为００７—２７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．土壤剖面中的汞含量在０—１００ｃｍ土层中均较高，其含量与土壤有机质和碳酸盐含量正相关．降雪中汞在０７—３７ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，明显高于背景值，其中大部分吸附在颗粒物上．枯叶中汞主要是从土壤吸收，并且有可能被雨水淋溶出来．     

深凹露天矿流场与污染物散布的模拟研究

利用高阶矩湍流闭合方案建立了一个三维非静力高分辨率ＰＢＬ数值模式，并用此模式模拟了中性层结条件下一个深凹露天矿区实际地形的流场结构与湍流特性，分析并揭示露天矿自然通风特性，为进一步研究露天矿污染扩散规律提供背景流场。数值模拟的一些结果与同样试验条件下的风洞试验结果吻合甚好。     

AMS方法在大气气溶胶来源研究中的应用

在我国自己建立的加速器质谱计（ＡＭＳ）技术的基础上,利用＾１４Ｃ的特征的生物来源示踪性能,将ＡＭＳ技术运用于我国大气气溶胶来源的研究,我们建立了大气气溶胶采样－－石墨碳制备－ＡＭＳ测定的全部样品处理过程,对北京市中关村地区、东单地区在采暖期和非采暖期的气溶胶样品和湖南南岳、山东青岛的气溶胶及这些地区的地表土进行了ＡＭＳ测定,将多元统计方法与ＡＭＳ方法相结合,从中分析这些样品中微量元素组分和含碳 分