无机絮凝剂对SBR系统中活性污泥的影响研究

采用序批式活性污泥法（SBR）反应器进行模拟实验,系统地探究了聚合氯化铝（PAC）和聚合氯化铁（PFC）对活性污泥产生的影响.结果表明,PAC、PFC会使得污泥絮体变得紧实且边缘化,絮体中值粒径较未添加时分别增加了34.78%、12.90%.污泥的沉降性能和污泥活性随着PAC、PFC的积累而变差.微生物分泌的EPS含量降低,是因为添加PAC、PFC后微生物活性降低并导致微生物多样性降低.     

基于区域一体化背景下的长三角环境经济政策优化研究

基于长三角区域社会、经济、环保一体化高质量发展要求,全面调研"三省一市"(上海、江苏、浙江、安徽)2011—2017年环境经济政策出台情况,并开展评估分析。结果显示:长三角区域环境经济政策整体呈现良好发展态势,尤其在财政奖补方面占绝对优势,但各省市差异较为明显,且区域层面联动政策相对欠缺。在此基础上,结合长三角区域环境质量改善目标及污染防治协作深化需求,建议在环保基金、生态补偿、排污权交易、环境信用体系等领域率先开展区域联动试点,并从机制、法律、技术等层面给予保障,探索形成区域环境经济政策共商、共享、共赢模式。     

Modification of a magnetic carbon composite for ciprofloxacin adsorption

A magnetic carbon composite, Fe₃O₄/C composite, was fabricated by one-step hydrothermal synthesis, modified by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere (N₂), and then used as an adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. Conditions for the modification were optimized according to the rate of CIP removal. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, vibrating-sample magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. The results indicate that the modified adsorbent has substantial magnetism and has a large specific area, which favor CIP adsorption. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial CIP concentration, ion strength, humic acid and solution temperature on CIP removal were also studied. Our results show that all of the above factors influence CIP removal. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm fits the adsorption process well, with the pseudo second-order model describing the adsorption kinetics accurately. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is mainly physical adsorption. Recycling experiments revealed that the behavior of adsorbent is maintained after recycling for five times. Overall, the modified magnetic carbon composite is an efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.     

Remediation of saline–sodic soil with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in a reclaimed tidal flat of southeast China

Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization(FGD)-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP), exchangeable sodium(ExNa), p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral(7.0). The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~+, HCO_3~-+ CO_3~(2-)and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca~(2+)and SO_4~(2-). Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.     

椒江口海域营养盐及富营养状况的时空变化

以2006年、2011年、2014年春季椒江口水质监测资料为基础,运用富营养指数法、有机污染综合指数法和潜在性富营养化评价法,对近10a来椒江口海域营养盐的时空分布变化特征和富营养化状况进行了研究分析。结果表明:近10a来,椒江口海域表层水体DIN、DIP均劣于四类海水水质标准,海域水体呈严重污染状态,富营养化程度较高;从时间上看,DIN、DIP浓度和富营养化程度均呈先加重后减轻的趋势;从空间上看,椒江口海域表层水体的DIN、DIP以及E值、A值平面分布均呈由河口向外海逐渐递减的阶梯状分布。入海径流携带的污染物、周边大型用海工程是影响该海域水体营养盐浓度和富营养化程度的主要因素。     

航空活塞发动机点火强度均衡性测试及防火研究

针对磁电机故障和点火电嘴故障会使发动机失去动力引起飞行事故,高压导线破损放电可能导致动力系统起火并引发飞机火灾等安全隐患,利用紫外探测技术和虚拟仪器技术设计了航空活塞发动机点火强度均衡性测试系统,利用该测试系统完成航空活塞发动机点火系统的安全隐患检测。以四缸活塞发动机正常点火、高压导线破损、点火电嘴积碳等三种点火系统作为测试对象,测试发动机在不同转速下各气缸点火电火花紫外辐射强度,用以表征点火能量强度。实测得到,在不同转速下点火电嘴积碳故障都会导致点火强度降低;高压导线破损漏电会同时导致点火能量损失与点火强度不均衡,并且与转速呈正相关。测试结果可为航空活塞发动机点火系统故障排除及发现可能存在的高压导线破损放电电气火灾隐患点提供技术依据。     

压裂返排液循环使用技术综述

综述了传统处理方法和深度处理方法两大类压裂返排液处理方法的特点和处理效率。介绍了对氧化破胶的压裂返排液和非氧化破胶的压裂返排液进行处理的方法和机理,以及返排液循环使用效果和性能检测的标准。指出研发含有高分子聚合物稠化剂的返排液循环使用工艺、高效便捷的压裂返排液循环使用工艺和新型可循环使用的压裂液体系等将是未来压裂返排液循环使用的发展方向。     

高放废物地质处置关键核素在粘土岩预选区中的迁移模拟研究

利用GMS计算了放射性核素Nb-93 m,Se-79,Tc-99,Zr-93,Sn-126在陇东预选区中百万年尺度的污染迁移过程.模拟结果表明:粘土岩由于极低的渗透性和较强的吸附能力,能够有效的阻止核素在围岩中的迁移.其中,迁移距离最大的核素为Se-79,最大迁移距离为242 m,在距泄露点68 m处其活度浓度的峰值为23000 Bq/l,处置库在百万年内总的活度释放量约为4.3E18Bq,其中起主要贡献的核素是Se-79,其次是Tc-99.     

粘土岩处置库陇东预选区社会经济条件调查研究

对陇东地区进行社会经济条件调查,得出陇东地区内有庆阳市和平凉市两大城市,以2013年统计数据为准,庆阳市和平凉市平均人口密度分别为97人/平方千米和219人/平方千米,均高于甘肃省平均人口密度(61人/平方千米);陇东地区生产总值达947．29亿元,占甘肃省生产总值的15．11%,属经济发达地区;且陇东地区含有丰富的煤炭和石油资源;可以得知陇东地区区域人口密度高,经济发达,资源丰富。从社会经济条件分析,陇东地区不适合作为中国高放废物粘土岩地质处置库预选区。