Spatial and temporal variation of haze in China from 1961 to 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the climatic characteristics and long-term spatial and temporal variations of haze occurrence in China. The impact factors of haze trends are also discussed. Meteorological data from 1961 to 2012 and daily PM₁₀ concentrations from 2003 to 2012 were employed in this study. The results indicate that the annual-average hazy days at all stations have been increasing rapidly from 4 days in 1961 to 18 days in 2012. The maximum number of haze days occur in winter (41.1%) while the minimum occur in summer (10.4%). During 1961-2012, the high occurrence areas of haze shifted from central to south and east regions of China. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan Province are the high occurrence areas for haze, while the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) have become regions with high haze occurrences in the last 25 years. Temperature and pressure are positively correlated with the number of haze days. However, wind, relative humidity, precipitation, and sunshine duration are negatively correlated with the number of haze days. The key meteorological factors affecting the formation and dissipation of haze vary for high and low altitudes, and are closely related to anthropogenic activities. In recent years, anthropogenic activities have played a more important role in haze occurrences compared with meteorological factors.     

广东省农村民居地震安全示范工程实施现状分析

结合广东各地农村经济发展状况和民居特点,简要阐述了全省地震安全农居示范工程实施基础,较系统地介绍了当前示范工程实施情况,对存在的不足和工作难点进行了比较深入的分析和科学总结,并提出行之有效的解决方案。     

Elemental composition of Tibetan Plateau top soils and its effect on evaluating atmospheric pollution transport

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an ideal place for monitoring the atmospheric environment of low to mid latitudes. In total 54 soil samples from the western TP were analyzed for major and trace elements. Results indicate that concentrations of some typical “pollution” elements (such as As) are naturally high here, which may cause incorrect evaluation for the source region of these elements, especially when upper continental crust values are used to calculate enrichment factors. Because only particles <20 μm are transportable as long distances, elemental concentrations of this fraction of the TP soils are more reliable for the future aerosol related studies over the TP. In addition, REE compositions of the TP soils are unusual, highly characteristic and can be used as an effective index for identifying dust aerosol from the TP.     

Estimation of potential quantity and value of used and in-use stocks of urban mines in Korea

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The urban mine industry plays an essential role in environmental sustainability to minimize the creation of landfills and to maximize the reuse of...     

铝合金脱氧槽液的回收再利用技术研究

铬酸阳极化是铝合金加工过程中一种重要的、不可缺少的关键技术,而铝合金工件在铬酸阳极化加工之前必须经脱氧工艺从而提高铬酸阳极化质量。随着脱氧槽液使用时间的延长,Al~(3+)的浓度逐渐增加,当其浓度高于17 g/L时,槽液报废。槽液报废不仅造成资源的浪费,且报废废液含有大量的重金属离子,直接排放会对环境造成污染。因此,开发脱氧槽液的资源化利用技术具有十分重要的意义。本文采用离子交换法对含铬废槽液进行回收处理,确定了反应时间、反应温度、搅拌速率以及树脂用量等参数对阳离子吸附的影响规律。结果显示,最优工艺条件下铝离子吸附率可以达到60 %以上。用硝酸对树脂进行再生处理,效率可以达到88 %左右。此外,结合自主研发和制造的废液杂质离子含量在线分析与监测装置,开发了铝合金脱氧废液再生利用系统,保证铝合金表面处理工艺的连续性,实现了金属表面处理的清洁生产。     

An improved graph convolutional network with feature and temporal attention for multivariate water quality prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The analysis and prediction of water quality are of great significance to water quality management and pollution control. In general, current water...     

反馈环断裂下的安全知识积累与扩散仿真研究

为了研究个体死亡引发反馈环断裂对安全知识积累和扩散的影响，采用元胞自动机方法，构建了多层次、多状态、多行为的安全知识积累和扩散演化模型。然后运用交替变量控制法进行仿真实验，获取605组数据，并对所得数据进行层次回归分析。研究结果表明:个体死亡会阻碍安全知识积累且会加剧个体间知识差异，同时事故率的增加会提高知识积累机会和个体死亡机会，产生复杂的双向对冲效应；替代者知识水平能够对安全知识积累和扩散产生较大的正向影响，并能削弱个体死亡的负向影响；事故见证者的增加也能够产生一定的正向影响。据此提出“数量型死亡悖论”，并指出促进安全知识积累和扩散的重点方向。     

Wavelet characterization of eucalypt flowering and the influence of climate

More robust statistical methods are required for examining phenological time series as they are often noisy and non-stationary. Wavelet analytic methods easily handle such data. A maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) analysis of flowering records (1940–1970) of Eucalyptus tricarpa, E. leucoxylon, E. microcarpa and E. polyanthemos identified four subcomponents in each flowering series: characterized as a non-flowering phase, duration, annual and intensity cycles. A decreasing overall trend in flowering was identified by the MODWT smoothed series. Wavelet correlation found the same contemporaneous effects of climate on flowering for Eucalyptus tricarpa and E. leucoxylon, and for E. microcarpa and E. polyanthemos. Wavelet cross-correlation analysis identified the cyclical influence of temperature and rainfall on peak flowering intensity (P < 0.0001). For each species there are 6 months of the annual cycle in which any given climate variable positively influences flowering intensity and 6 months of negative influence. For all species, rainfall exerts a negative influence when temperature is positive.     

军事飞行事故致因模型构建研究

针对飞行事故产生机理的复杂性问题,构建了军事飞行事故致因模型.首先,在借鉴现有事故致因理论的基础上,深入剖析了飞行事故发生的直接原因、间接原因和基本原因；其次,以军事飞行事故发生过程中不安全事件之间的逻辑关系为主线,结合军事飞行事故的特点和当前军事飞行安全领域的发展现状,构建了军事飞行事故致因模型.最后,理论与案例分析表明:该模型刻画了飞行事故致因的多因素相关性、层次性和复杂性,它既符合一般事故发生的普遍规律,又对军事飞行事故预防具有较强的指导意义.