温度对烃类物质爆炸极限的影响及其预测模型研究

为研究温度对烃类气体爆炸极限的影响,利用爆炸极限测试仪对C1-C4烃类气体在20℃、60℃、100℃、140℃等初始温度条件下的爆炸极限进行了测试。结果表明:C1-C4烃类气体的爆炸下限在20-140℃范围内与温度呈线性关系,同一系列烃类物质,随着碳原子数的增加,同一温度下所对应的爆炸下限数值依次降低;对于相同碳原子数的烃类物质,相同温度下烷烃的爆炸下限数值高于烯烃的爆炸下限数值。此外,建立了高温条件下烃类物质爆炸极限的预测模型,为烃类物质爆炸极限的预测提供了一种方法。     

电催化氧化技术处理造纸废水的实验研究

通过邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的电解实验研究了德国引进的金属铌掺硼金刚石膜电极(Nb/BDD)的电化学性质,并利用该电极处理装置处理了东莞某造纸厂造纸废水。考察了电解时间、电流强度及废水的pH值、电解质的浓度、电导率等参数对电化学降解效率的影响。结果表明,Nb/BDD具有优异的污水降解性能,在pH值为3.0,电流密度为37.23 mA/cm2,电压6.9 V,NaCl充当电解质质量浓度0.4 g/L的条件下,电解200 min,装置对再生纸造纸废水的COD的去除率接近70%,BOD/COD为0.4,比能耗为27.6(kW.h/kg)。     

改性PbO2电极电催化氧化直接绿废水的研究

采用表面活性剂聚乙二醇200改性自制不锈钢基PbO2电极。通过SEM、XRD等分析方法对改性PbO2电极表面形貌及晶体结构进行表征。利用直接绿模拟废水脱色实验考察电极的电催化氧化特性。考察了粒子电极的投加量、电解质的浓度及使用次数等条件对直接绿废水降解效率的影响。结果表明,改性后的电极表面颗粒明显细化,β-PbO2纯度提高。电催化时间3 min,粒子电极投加量13 g/L,电解质质量浓度为0.06 g/L,对50mg/L直接绿废水的去除率可达94.98%。     

大型环保企业“4全-3S-2E-1H”安全生产标准化建设探讨

上海市固体废物处置中心作为上海市首个固体废物环境污染防治的集约化处置基地,根据国家安全生产监督管理总局等关于落实企业安全生产标准化的要求,结合企业危险废物收集、运输、预处理及处置的全过程安全生产管理的需求,提出了环保企业“4全-3S-2E-1H”安全标准化管理模式,具体阐述了环保企业如何围绕“4全-3S-2E-1H”模式开展安全生产标准化建设,对我国环保企业的安全标准化建设具有一定借鉴意义.     

强化低温域人工湿地脱氮除磷进展研究

人工湿地作为一种污水处理系统受气温影响较大。针对冬季氮磷去除率的不足,分析低温对人工湿地脱氮除磷的影响,初步讨论了强化低温域人工湿地脱氮除磷的措施,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

炮采放顶煤采空区自然发火的数值模拟应用

针对炮采放顶煤开采采空区容易发生自燃问题，基于漏风渗流方程、气体渗流一扩散-氧消耗方程，建立了采空区自然发火非稳定数值模型，采空区按非均质考虑，耗氧汇按煤矸氧化和瓦斯涌出稀释两方面综合考虑，用有限元数值方法联立求解模型。结合羊草沟矿实例，通过该矿自然发火后来的测试区的现场实测结果，拟合反演得到采空区煤的耗氧速度、瓦斯涌出强度和渗透特征参数，用确定的模型分析了前段出现自然发火的原因；描绘了炮采放顶煤开采时采空区冷却带、自燃带和窒息带等三带的形状，指出冒落压实的不均衡的非均质采空区，自燃点在偏人风一侧。用三带划分理论讨论了工作面参数（风量、推进度、控顶距）同自燃的量化关系，提出了从根本上预防采空区自然发火的途径与方法。     

含锌废水处理技术的研究进展

综述了传统的物理化学法和生物法处理含锌废水的原理,系统阐述了其研究进展.微生物固定技术是一种新兴而有效的生物处理技术,尤其是硫酸盐还原菌固定化技术,将厌氧活性污泥包埋,构建稳定高效的微生物体系,以加强其抗毒性和处理效率.因此,在含锌废水处理方面具有很大的发展潜力,有望得到广泛应用.     

基于单体对象的城市区域火灾风险评价方法研究

从分析城市区域内单体对象自身的致灾因素及其制约灭火抢险救援力量发挥的环节入手,基于指数法和层次分析法建立了单体对象火灾风险评价指标体系.以单体对象火灾风险向量为基础,基于线性加权模型构建了一种新的区域火灾风险评价计算模型,并以树形结构表征了区域火灾风险评价结构.试点地区实例表明,该方法能够有效地评价城市区域火灾风险.     

Effects of payments for ecosystem services on wildlife habitat recovery

Conflicts between local people's livelihoods and conservation have led to many unsuccessful conservation efforts and have stimulated debates on policies that might simultaneously promote sustainable management of protected areas and improve the living conditions of local people. Many government‐sponsored payments‐for‐ecosystem‐services (PES) schemes have been implemented around the world. However, few empirical assessments of their effectiveness have been conducted, and even fewer assessments have directly measured their effects on ecosystem services. We conducted an empirical and spatially explicit assessment of the conservation effectiveness of one of the world's largest PES programs through the use of a long‐term empirical data set, a satellite‐based habitat model, and spatial autoregressive analyses on direct measures of change in an ecosystem service (i.e., the provision of wildlife species habitat). Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat improved in Wolong Nature Reserve of China after the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program. The improvement was more pronounced in areas monitored by local residents than those monitored by the local government, but only when a higher payment was provided. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of a PES program depends on who receives the payment and on whether the payment provides sufficient incentives. As engagement of local residents has not been incorporated in many conservation strategies elsewhere in China or around the world, our results also suggest that using an incentive‐based strategy as a complement to command‐and‐control, community‐ and norm‐based strategies may help achieve greater conservation effectiveness and provide a potential solution for the park versus people conflict.     

Impacts of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang River Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is of great significance for the coordinated development of the environment and the economy to study the impact of the human driving factors of...