搅拌棒萃取-热脱附/气质联用法测定水中2-MIB和土臭素

采用搅拌棒萃取-热脱附/气质联用法测定水中2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素,优化了搅拌棒萃取和热脱附进样的条件。试验表明：两种目标化合物在1．00 ng/L～200 ng/L范围内线性良好,2-甲基异莰醇的相关系数为0．9993,土臭素的相关系数为0．9997,方法检出限分别为0．31 ng/L和0．15 ng/L;空白和实际样品的加标回收率为82．4％～116％,测定结果的RSD＜10％。     

离子色谱法测定油田采出水中总氮和总磷

油田采出水经光电催化氧化法处理后,有机物和油被充分降解,用离子色谱法测定 NO3-、PO3-4,5次测定结果的 RSD为3．1％～5．8％。该方法测定出水中 NO3-、PO3-4质量浓度可代表除油处理后原水中总氮、总磷质量浓度,与分光光度法测定原水中总磷、总氮的结果相比,重现性好、耗时少。     

超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱联用法测定水中的丙烯酰胺

将含有丙烯酰胺的水样过滤后加入甲酸酸化,然后直接进样,使用超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱联用法测定,通过选择离子反应监测,可实现定性和外标法定量分析.该方法测定生活饮用水及其水源水中丙烯酰胺的最低检测浓度为0.15 g/L,对实际样品的加标回收率在92％ ～ 123％,该方法绿色环保、简单方便,且具有较高的灵敏度和较低的检出限.     

SBSE-GC/MS法测定饮用水源水中7种多氯联苯单体

采用搅拌棒吸收萃取(SBSE)-溶剂解吸-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定饮用水源水中7种多氯联苯单体,优化了萃取和解吸条件。方法在5 ng/L~100 ng/L范围内线性良好(r≥0.979),7种多氯联苯单体的检出限为0.8 ng/L~3.4 ng/L(100 mL水样SBSE萃取2 h),加标10 ng/L时实际水样回收率为93.0%~116%。     

中国代表性滑雪场网络关注度时空演变及影响因素

基于百度指数数据,运用指数测度、空间地理分析、回归模型和地理探测器,对2011—2019年中国大陆26个代表性滑雪场网络关注度的时空演变特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)时间演化上,网络关注度呈先增后减且逐渐平稳的规律。2015年、2016年为峰值年份,季节性差异明显,共两个波动峰值且为“南北为单,中东为双”的分布格局。(2)空间特性上,全国和地区均为先增后减特征,地区差异显著;变异程度先降后增并趋于稳定,全国分布相对稳定平衡,地区分布呈不稳定集聚特性。省区冷热区域分布总体呈“东北热—西南冷”格局,层级变化以稳定型为主。(3)滑雪场层面上,滑雪场总体偏好层级变动较大,高偏好保持稳定领先,其余层级以下降变动为主。滑雪场冷热点分级呈“北热南冷”的格局,东北、华北两个热点集聚区域演变较为稳定。(4)影响因素上,需求侧影响因素排序为滑雪消费吸引力>受教育程度>经济发展水平>信息化水平>滑雪场建设水平。供给侧的滑雪人次占比、滑雪经济贡献、客运承载力、冰雪旅游资源丰度、官方媒体建设水平解释力较强,其他因素影响并不显著。     

环境DNA宏条形码监测湖泊真核浮游植物的精准性

环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码(metabarcoding)技术是一种基于分子的生物多样性高效监测手段,近年来越来越多地被应用于生态环境中生物要素的监测和评估.开展eDNA 宏条形码监测技术的标准化和规范化研究,是将其业务化推广应用的前提.本研究以高原湖泊滇池和抚仙湖的真核浮游藻类为研究对象,探究了基于18 S-V9 ...     

Feasibility of using microalgal biomass cultured in domestic wastewater for the removal of chromium pollutants

The feasibility of obtaining and using the biomass of a microalga, Chlorella miniata, from domestic wastewater (DW) cultures for the removal of chromium(III) [Cr(III)] and chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] was compared with that from commercial Bristol medium (BM). Results showed that Chlorella miniata cultured in DW under 16-8 hours light-dark cycle [DW(16-8)] had similar growth to that in BM [BM(16-8)], but these two biomass had different biochemical compositions, and the former one had lower carbohydrate and higher protein content. When cultured in domestic wastewater, a higher biomass was obtained under continuous illumination [DW(24-0)], and the cells had higher carbohydrate and lower protein concentrations than that of DW(16-8). The spectra of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer revealed that the functional groups on the surface of the three kinds of biomass--DW(16-8), DW(24-0), and BM(16-8)--were comparable, except an additional peak at 1731 cm(-1) was found in the biomass cultured in domestic wastewater, which was probably the result of bacterial contamination. Although biochemical differences were found among the three kinds of microalgal biomass, similar biosorption performances to chromium pollutants were recorded, with approximately 75% Cr(III) and 100% Cr(VI) removed at equilibrium in Cr(III) and Cr(VI) experiments, respectively, when dead biomass was used as a biosorbent. Therefore, it is possible to culture Chlorella miniata in domestic wastewater and use the biomass for the removal of chromium pollutants.     

DDT uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal alfalfa and depletion in soil as influenced by soil application of a non-ionic surfactant

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the colonization of alfalfa roots by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus etunicatum and application of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 on DDT uptake by alfalfa and depletion in soil. Mycorrhizal colonization led to an increase in the accumulation of DDT in roots but a decrease in shoots. The combination of AM inoculation and Triton X-100 application enhanced DDT uptake by both the roots and shoots. Application of Triton X-100 gave much lower residual concentrations of DDT in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere soil or in the bulk soil without Triton X-100. AM colonization significantly increased bacterial and fungal counts and dehydrogenase activity in the rhizosphere soil. The combined AM inoculation of plants and soil application of surfactant may have potential as a biotechnological approach for the decontamination of soil polluted with DDT.     

淡水湖泊富营养化成灾过程及其灾害效应评价

借鉴灾害学原理,定义了湖泊富营养化灾害范畴,即湖泊富营养化灾害是自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,是自然-人为协同作用而诱发的,是过量的外源污染物输入而产生的一系列自然、社会等严重后果的渐进性环境灾害.然后从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体三方面剖析富营养化成灾过程,提出了湖泊富营养化灾害强度分级评分方法.对1988～2004年间巢湖富营养化灾害强度评价结果显示,灾害强度有加重趋势.最后分析湖泊富营养化灾害损益,并从生态环境、人类健康和社会影响等方面对淡水湖泊富营养化进行灾害评价.     

洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布的环境因子及空间特征——基于RS/GIS的研究

钉螺的分布与其孳生地环境的自然因素密切相关,并具有一定的空间特征。在建立洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布地理信息系统的基础上,运用GIS空间分析技术,对钉螺孳生地的环境状况作了多因子分析,发现洞庭湖区江滩钉螺孳生地植被类型主要为芦苇和莎草类,孳生地的土壤类型主要为潴育性水稻土;孳生地土壤为pH值处于5．5～7．5的弱酸性环境,有机质含量处于2％～3％;80％孳生地的植被标化指数在0．100～0．375之间、土壤湿度在0．202～0．507之间、近水源距离为10～230之间。并且标化植被指数、莎草类植被类型与钉螺密度成正相关,而pH值、有机质含量均成负相关。同时,钉螺密度的分布也具有一定的特征：（1）在空间上呈集聚模式;（2）空间自相关性比较强,相关程度受离群值的影响;（3）变异函数呈指数模型,并存在空间方向性。