大气颗粒物对小鼠淋巴细胞的免疫毒性研究

采用大气颗粒物提取液观察对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响，结果表明，各浓度的颗粒物液均能抑制小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应，其中５ｍｇ／ｍＬ浓度的抑制效果最显著，脾淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２的诱生也受各浓度颗粒物液的抑制，以１０ｍｇ／ｍＬ组抑制效果最明显。     

Effect of bio-surfactant on municipal solid waste composting process

Bio-surfactant is a new type of surfactant that is produced in microbial metabolism. Adding bio-surfactant during composting process, especially to those contain some toxic substances, has been proved to be a promising way. In this study, Strains Ⅲ(2), a bacterial with high activity to produce bio-surfactant, were isolated firstly. Following comparison experiments with and without adding Strains Ⅲ(2), namely Run 1 and Run R, were conducted, respectively. The experimental results showed that, by adding Strains Ⅲ (2),the surface tension could reduce from 46.5 mN/m to 39.8 mN/m and the corresponding time to maintain the surface tension under 50 mN/m could prolong from 60 h to 90 h. The oxygen uptake rate and total accumulated oxygen consumption with Stains Ⅲ (2) were both higher than those without Strains Ⅲ (2), while the accumulation of H2S in outlet gas was reduced to around 50% of Run R. Moreover, two additional experiments were also carried out to examine the effects of strains coming from different systems. One is adding Strains Ⅲ (2)with a dose of 0.4% (Run 2), and the other is seedling commercial Strains at the same conditions, the composting experiments showed that: Run 2 was more effective than Run 3, because the commercial Strains can be suppressed significantly in a complex composting system with different pH, high temperature and some of metals. The bio-surfactant was also added into the solid waste, which contained some toxic substances, the corresponding results showed that the remove rate of Hg and sodium pentachlorophenolate(PCP-Na) could be improved highly. Thus, the microenvironment, reactionrate and composting quality could be enhanced effectively by adding bio-surfactant to the composting process.     

洞庭湖区湿地生态脆弱性研究

近年来洞庭湖区洪涝灾害的频发,使洞庭湖湿地生态脆弱带区域受到越来越多的关注.文章建立了湿地生态脆弱性评价指标体系和方法,并利用该方法对洞庭湖区湿地进行了评价,依据湿地生态特性及演化规律建立评价指标体系,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,利用综合指数法计算湿地的脆弱度,为保护洞庭湖区湿地环境,合理开发、利用湿地资源提供了依据.     

nano-ZnO对斑马鱼鱼鳔发育毒性效应研究

根据鱼鳔发育的不同阶段,从受精后0 h(0 hours post fertilization, 0 hpf)开始对5个发育阶段(0 hpf～孵化前、0～120 hpf、0～168 hpf、孵化后～120 hpf、120～168 hpf)的斑马鱼进行nano-ZnO暴露实验,研究不同浓度的nano-ZnO对斑马鱼鱼鳔的影响.结果表明,nano-ZnO悬浮液中溶解的Zn~(2+)不是导致斑马鱼死亡和鱼鳔缺损的唯一或主要原因.nano-ZnO暴露浓度越高,斑马鱼的死亡率和鱼鳔缺损率越高,存在剂量-效应关系.15 mg·L~(-1) nano-ZnO可造成90%的斑马鱼鱼鳔缺损和死亡,10 mg·L~(-1) nano-ZnO可导致斑马鱼鱼鳔面积缩小70%.斑马鱼鱼鳔早期发育阶段(0～168 hpf)对nano-ZnO敏感度大小为:出芽阶段(0 hpf～孵化前)充气阶段(孵化后～120 hpf)充气完成阶段(120～168 hpf).斑马鱼鱼鳔的发育面积和发育时间也受nano-ZnO暴露染毒的影响而发生变化.斑马鱼死亡率和鱼鳔缺损率(鱼鳔发育)之间存在相关性(r=0.978,p0.01).这表明斑马鱼鱼鳔的发育缺损是造成斑马鱼胚胎死亡的主要原因之一,但nano-ZnO对斑马鱼鱼鳔的影响机理,尤其是对鱼鳔出芽阶段和充气阶段的致毒机理需要进一步研究.     

生态旅游的彻底泛化研究及其概念模型的构建

本文首先对生态旅游自诞生以来的概念发展进行了梳理。针对国内生态旅游的泛化现象．提出将生态旅游的概念彻底泛化的想法，其泛化原则就连将旅游资源同生态旅游资源等同起来，即任何旅游资浑都可以开展生态旅游。在该泛化原则下．奉文将生态旅游的各组成要素分别作了比喻，将旅游资源比作客车，旅游者比作汽油，旅游经营者比作车主，当地居民比作乘客，地方政府比作交警。最后在这个比方的基础上建立了一个生态旅游概念模型，以期对生态旅游的概念内涵有个奎新的理解。     

浅谈稻米加工副产品的深度开发利用

通过对黑龙江垦区稻米加工副产品稻壳7种综合利用方式和米糠4种深度开发方式的介绍,结合垦区稻米加工产业对上述两种副产品的利用现状,从资源有效利用和保护环境的角度阐述了此项工作在黑龙江垦区的重要性及良好发展前景.     

中美大气污染防治法之比较

本文从立法目的和调整重点、管理体制、调控机制、防治战略、管理措施和实验保障等方面对中美两国的大气污染防治进行了初步比较，并对完善中国的大气污染防治法提出了一些建议。     

环境质量综合分析工作探讨

介绍了环境质量综合分析的概念及目的,并分析了其在监测工作中的地位和在环境管理中的作用,提出了如何提高环境质量综合分析水平的对策建议.     

甲基化-β环糊精(MCD)的制备及其对甲基对硫磷和克百威的增溶作用

简介了MCD的制备及MCD对甲基对硫磷和克百威的增溶实验,讨论了实验结果：MCD增加了农药在水中的溶解度,在25℃下,60g／L的MCD溶液中,甲基对硫磷和克百威的溶解度比在纯水中分别提高了63．97和9．23倍。     

石崆山Ⅱ号段岩质高边坡稳定性的有限单元法(FEM)分析评价

岩质高边坡是常见的自然地质环境问题和重要的岩土工程问题之一,涉及工程地质学、岩体力学问题。针对漳州—龙岩高速公路石崆Ⅱ号段岩质高边坡稳定性问题,采用有限单元法(FEM)进行计算分析。计算分析结果表明石崆山Ⅱ号段岩质高边坡是稳定安全的。有限单元法在岩质高边坡稳定性的计算分析中的应用,正处在完善和发展之中。它的计算分析正确与否或精确程度,很大程度上取决于对边坡岩体工程地质条件的正确理解和归纳概化,取决于计算参数的合理客观选取。