BDD电极阳极氧化垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液

实验研究了电化学技术阳极氧化垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,比较了不同阳极种类、电流密度和极板间距对污染物降解的影响.结果表明,掺硼金刚石(boron-doped diamond,BDD)薄膜电极作为阳极,比钛基镀钌铱(Ti-RuO2-IrO2)和钛基镀铂(Ti-Pt)电极作为阳极时,有机物的矿化更为迅速.选用BDD电极作为阳极,不锈钢电极作为阴极,随着电流密度的增加(10~100 mA/cm2),TOC去除率随之提高,极板间距的改变(2~12 mm)对TOC的降解影响较小.BDD阳极氧化6 h后,浓缩液的TOC去除率达到94%.研究表明,BDD电极阳极氧化技术可有效地处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,可将其应用于高毒性难生物降解的有机废水的处理工艺中.     

非溶解态物质对苏州市景观水体表观污染的影响

景观功能已成为我国城市水体的主体功能,随着城市水体污染的加剧,这一功能也难以得到保障;识别城市景观水体表观污染物质的存在状态,有利于对景观水体表观污染的成因、形成机制进行深入研究,从而可以为景观水体表观污染的预警、防控和工程治理提供技术支撑。对苏州30条河道广域采集200组水样,用0.45μm滤膜抽滤去除水样中非溶解态物质,对比抽滤前后水样的浊度、色度,结果表明,非溶解态物质是引起水体浊度、色度的主要原因;对比极端黄色水样抽滤前后的浊度、色度,并对悬浮物的高锰酸盐指数(Im)进行测定,结果表明,造成黄色水体表观污染的主要是沙粒、粘土等无机非溶解态物质;对比抽滤前后极端黑色水体中硫化物及极端深绿色水体中的叶绿素a(Chla)的含量,结果表明,这些表观污染物质主要以非溶解态的形式存在;极端水体的测定分析证实了城市景观水体表观污染主要由非溶解态物质造成。     

灰色消解模型的改进——z变换后的线性回归解法

针对文献中提出的灰色消解模型的建模方法进行了ｚ变换，然后改用线性回归的办法求解，实例验证后表明，模拟拟合状况一致，但计算工作量大为减轻。     

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in a replaced urban industrial area of Qingdao,China

The aim of this study was risk characterization of a replaced urban industrial land located north of Qingdao, in relation to heavy metals values. Soil concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn were analyzed. It was observed that the components of Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn are about 2.22, 8.07, 4.70, 6.81, 2.65, and 3.0-folds, respectively, when compared with the local natural background values in Qingdao. The spatial distribution of heavy metals indicated that these hotspots for Cr and Zn located in the southwestern part, Ni and Cd in the middle of the south area, Pb in the northwest, and Cu in the middle of the east area. The values of pollution index and Nemerow integrated pollution index revealed that 100 % of soil samples were moderately or heavily contaminated by six heavy metals. From these results, human health risk assessment for sensitive population was performed according to two different land uses. For non-carcinogenic risk, the direct oral ingestion appeared to be the main exposure pathway followed by dermal and inhalation absorption. The HI values of Pb and Cr characterized for children were larger than 1, while HI values of each metal for adults in two scenarios were lower than 1. Besides, carcinogenic risk from inhalation exposure to Cr for children and adults in two scenarios all exceeded the safety limit.     

几种常见被动采样技术在水环境中研究进展

总结了半透膜被动采样器(SPMDs)、极性有机化合物整合采样器(POCIS)、化学捕收器(Chemcatcher)和硅橡胶被动采样器(Silicon rubber)几种常用被动采样器的结构组成、应用模型、原理、样品的前处理、影响因素及应用范围,指出几种被动采样技术应用上存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行总结和展望。     

火工烟火职业事故特点及防范研究

火工烟火职业历来把安全工作放在日常工作的首位。然而安全工作不应该只局限在监督检查的陈规旧套之中，而应赋于它更科学更积极的内涵、本文通过对火工烟火系统危险性及其职业事故特点的分析，提出了可由计算机管理的控制安全的平台滚珠模型理论，强调了操作者的心理素质对安全工作的重要影响和作用。     

论企业安全行为

建筑施工要保证安全生产必须从杜绝“物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为”入手，加强教育与管理，增强法规意识，完善安全生产工作的布置、检查、监督、奖罚等企业安全行为。本文通过一起机械伤害事故分析，讨论了在宏观整体上规范企业安全行为，是促进企业安全生产最根本的环节。     

建设项目职业病危害评价中的关键问题探讨

在我国现有的建设项目职业病危害评价相关的法规标准中,有许多不够清晰和明确之处。技术改造和改建、扩建项目的辅助设施评价的范围界定不明确,建设项目建设过程中以及外包或转包工作中的职业危害评价,临时聘用人员的职业健康体检与培训等没有包括在评价范围之内。另外,相关的法规标准中,存在制定的接触限值标准的覆盖面有限,检测标准不配套,定量评价方法较为薄弱,部分符合标准的很难简单地评价结论等问题。针对存在的问题,该文进行分析,并提出使之完善的建议,以切实落实《职业病防治法》,真正保障从业人员的身体健康。     

Study on the Effect of Dicumyl Peroxide on Structure and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Natural Rubber Blend

In attempt to enhance the compatibility of NR in PLA matrix, and furthermore to enhance mechanical properties of PLA, PLA/NR blends with strong interaction were prepared in Haake internal mixer, using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as cross-linker. The effects of dicumyl peroxide on morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties and rheological properties of PLA and PLA/NR blends were studied. The results indicated that dicumyl peroxide could increase the compatibility of poly(lactic acid) and natural rubber. With small amount of dicumyl peroxide, the effect on NR toughening PLA was enhanced and the tensile toughness of PLA/NR blends was improved. When the DCP content was up to 0.2 wt%, the PLA/NR blend reached the maximum elongation at break (26.21 %) which was 2.5 times of that of neat PLA (the elongation at break of neat PLA was 10.7 %). Meanwhile, with introducing 2 wt% DCP into PLA/NR blend, the maximum Charpy impact strength (7.36 kJ/m²) could be achieved which was 1.8 times of that of neat PLA (4.18 kJ/m²). Moreover, adding adequate amount of DCP could improve the processing properties of blends: the viscosity of PLA/NR blend decreased significantly and the lowest viscosity of the blends could be achieved when the DCP content was 0.5 wt%.     

生态修复植物蜈蚣草中砷的回收

采用管式炉高温热解-NaOH-Na₂CO₃混合液碱浸-CuSO₄·5H₂O沉淀的方法回收生态修复植物蜈蚣草中的砷,最终得到产品砷酸铜。该方法的最佳工艺条件为：热解温度600 ℃,热解时间30 min,CaO加入量（CaO与蜈蚣草的质量比）8%; m（NaOH）∶m（Na₂CO₃）=1∶3,碱浸温度70 ℃, 碱浸时间2 h, 固液比1∶10; 沉淀反应pH 5, 沉淀反应温度70 ℃。采用该方法处理生态修复植物蜈蚣草,得到产品砷酸铜的纯度为93%,砷回收率达88%。