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11.
Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献
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Owing to the vast territory of China and strong regional characteristic of ozone pollution,it's desirable for policy makers to have a targeted and prioritized regulation and ozone pollution control strategy in China based on scientific evidences. It's important to assess its current pollution status as well as spatial and temporal variation patterns across China.Recent advances of national monitoring networks provide an opportunity to insight the actions of ozone pollution. Here, we present rotated empirical orthogonal function(REOF)analysis that was used on studying the spatiotemporal characteristics of daily ozone concentrations. Based on results of REOF analysis in pollution seasons for 3 years' observations, twelve regions with clear patterns were identified in China. The patterns of temporal variation of ozone in each region were separated well and different from each other, reflecting local meteorological, photochemical or pollution features. A rising trend in annual averaged Eight-hour Average Ozone Concentrations(O_3-8 hr) from 2014 to 2016 was observed for all regions, except for the Tibetan Plateau. The mean values of annual and 90 percentile concentrations for all 338 cities were 82.6 ± 14.6 and 133.9 ± 25.8 μg/m~3,respectively, in 2015. The regionalization results of ozone were found to be influenced greatly by terrain features, indicating significant terrain and landform effects on ozone spatial correlations. Among 12 regions, North China Plain, Huanghuai Plain, Central Yangtze River Plain, Pearl River Delta and Sichuan Basin were realized as priority regions for mitigation strategies, due to their higher ozone concentrations and dense population. 相似文献
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利用2017—2018年全国7个区域10个典型城市环境空气O3和PM2.5浓度数据,统计污染物累积速率,进而采用回归方法拟合污染物浓度及其累积速率的时间序列模型,分析不同区域污染物时序变化特征差异。结果表明:不同区域O3浓度时序曲线拟合程度总体高于PM2.5,石家庄O3拟合程度最高,西安PM2.5拟合程度最高。以07:00、14:00分别作为O3、PM2.5模拟起点是24 h中的最优模型。不同城市夏季O3小时浓度时序变化曲线均为单峰形态,O3浓度及累积速率峰值出现时间可能由城市所处经度决定,太原O3累积最快,西安O3消解最快。各城市间冬季PM2.5小时浓度及其累积速率时序变化曲线形态差异较大,沈阳PM2.5累积和消解均最快。与浓度相比,城市环境空气O3和PM2.5累积速率与光照、扩散条件等有更好的时间相关性。 相似文献
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环境保护的两种重要手段-政府决策与公众参与 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了目前我国环境保护的两种重要手段-政府决策和公众参与的现状及必要性,将政府决策与公众参与结合起来,以推动我国环保事业的进一步发展. 相似文献
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IntroductionInrecentyears,thetechniqueforultrafiltrationhasgainedrapiddevelopment.Moreandmorekindsofmembranesarestudiedandmanufactured ,andalarge scaleindustrialapplicationhasbeengrown .PANpolymerisextensivelyusedtoprepareUFmembranes(Stoiko,1 991 ) .Itshydrop… 相似文献
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ZHANG Jian-ying QIU Li-min HE Jia LIAO Yuan LUO Yong-ming College of Environmental Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China. Soil Environment Bioremediation Research Center Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,(3)
A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs. 相似文献
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在立式管状电加热炉上对合山高硫煤在不同的气氛、温度以及Ca/S比的条件下进行了动态燃烧实验,对收集的气体产物进行了红外光谱分析,并讨论了CO2浓度以及温度等因素对SO2释放的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的CO2气氛对煤燃烧过程中硫的释放以及石灰石的固硫效率有着不同的影响,在高于900℃以后,较之空气气氛下,无论是否存在钙基固硫剂,其它三种02/C02气氛下S02的排放量都比较低,且在不同C02浓度下,温度对S02的排放影响不一致。 相似文献