CuFe2O4/activated carbon composite: a novel magnetic adsorbent for the removal of acid orange II and catalytic regeneration

CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents, which combined the adsorption features of activated carbon with the magnetic and the excellent catalytic properties of powdered CuFe2O4, were developed using a simple chemical coprecipitation procedure. The prepared magnetic composites can be used to adsorb acid orange II (AO7) in water and subsequently, easily be separated from the medium by a magnetic technique. CuFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic adsorbents with mass ratio of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 were prepared. Magnetization measurements, BET surface area measurements, powder XRD and SEM were used to characterize the prepared adsorbents. The results indicate that the magnetic phase present is spinel copper ferrite and the presence of CuFe2O4 did not significantly affect the surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of acid orange II (AO7) onto the composites at pH 5.2 also showed that the presence of CuFe2O4 did not affect the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The thermal decomposition of AO7 adsorbed on the activated carbon and the composite was investigated by in situ FTIR, respectively. The results suggest that the composite has much higher catalytic activity than that of activated carbon, attributed to the presence of CuFe2O4. The variation of the adsorption capacity of the composites after several adsorption-regeneration cycles has also been studied.     

饮用水水源的化学灭藻

用自制的高铁[Fe(Ⅵ）]复合药剂处理夏季水华地表水,除藻率可达70－90％。实验结果表明,高铁杀灭水华蓝绿藻效果很好,对其它藻类也能大部分杀灭。杀藻机理为药剂与藻类充分接触并伴之剧烈的机械搅拌,破坏其细胞壁、细胞膜,进入细胞体内,由表及里导致死亡。     

铁-镧/壳聚糖复合材料在宽域pH范围内高效去除废水中的砷酸盐

采用原位沉淀方法制备了一种具有网格结构的铁-镧/壳聚糖微球(FLCB),该吸附剂可在较宽的pH范围内高效吸附砷酸盐.与壳聚糖微球(CB)相比,铁和镧离子的加入扩大了吸附剂的pH耐受范围.当pH=10时,其对砷酸盐的吸附效率高达80%.Fe—O键和La—O键的加入增加了FLCB的总正电荷密度,在一定程度上提高了FLCB的吸附容量.拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线(Qmax=105.01 mg·g^-1)可以更好地描述吸附过程.FLCB在砷酸盐上的吸附机理为：双齿双核或单齿单核形成的表面络合物占主导地位,吸附剂与砷酸盐的静电吸引占次要地位.     

填埋场渗滤液灌溉对粘壤土N2O释放的影响

以生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液和粘壤土为实验材料,研究了不同的渗滤液灌溉量、灌溉后土壤中矿物氮含量和反硝化酶活性对粘壤土N2O释放的影响.结果表明:渗滤液灌溉可促进土壤中N2O的释放,投加渗滤液的土壤样品N2O的释放通量是投加(NH4)2SO4溶液的2-3倍.粘壤土含水率为25%并且保持氧含量的条件下,渗滤液灌溉土壤后,土壤中N2O主要在硝化过程中产生.相关性统计分析表明:N2O释放通量与NO-2和渗滤液灌溉量呈显著正相关(分别为r=0.928,p＜0.001;r=0.425,P<0.05),而与土壤中NO-3和反硝化酶活性无显著相关性.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

我国区域R&D强度与产业结构的灰色关联分析

在对我国各省份研究与发展强度现状进行分析的基础上,指出我国各省份之间的研究与发展强度具有很大的差异,然后利用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联模型分析了2000-2007年间我国31个省、市、自治区研究与发展强度与其第一产业、第二产业、第三产业和高科技产业之间的关联度.根据其关联度的大小,本文得到这样的结论,即我国各省份研究与发展强度的差异与其产业结构之间存在着密切的联系,其中高科技产业对研究与发展强度影响最大,第一产业对研究与发展强度的影响最小,各省的研究与发展强度受到其产业结构的限制.在此基础上,本文提出各省份在提高研究与发展强度的同时,我国各省份在制定科技研发政策的时候,必须立足于本省的产业结构,要具体情况具体分析,要将提高研究与发展强度与调整产业结构相结合,只有这样研究与发展资源才能够得到更好地利用,才能够真正提高各省份的科技创新能力.     

基于环境效应的中国制造业全要素能源效率变动研究

以2003 - 2008年中国制造业28个行业面板数据为样本,选取行业固定资产净值年平均余额、年末从业人员数和能源消费为投入指标,行业总产值、SO2排放量为好和坏的产出指标,运用非参数数据包络分析的DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法测算了考虑环境效应的制造业行业全要素能源效率指数;并运用Tobit模型研究了全要素能源效率的影响因素.研究结果显示:考虑环境效应的中国制造业行业全要素能源效率总体呈现稳步增长趋势,但远低于不考虑环境污染时制造业全要素能源效率,技术进步是制造业全要素能源效率提高的主要原因;分行业看,重工业行业的全要素能源效率显著高于轻工业行业,且行业内部差异显著;全要素能源效率增长率较高的行业主要集中在垄断程度高、进入壁垒高的行业,增长率较低的行业主要是劳动密集型行业;外资水平、资本深化和市场竞争对轻工业的全要素能源效率有显著正向影响,企业规模的扩大对重工业提高能源效率有积极作用,外资水平提高在一定程度上降低了重工业的全要素能源效率.     

洪泽湖地区土地利用与景观格局演变

基于多时点 TM/ETM影像解译数据,运用遥感、GIS和景观生态学方法,分析洪泽湖地区近 18 a的土地利用变化和景观格局演变过程,揭示该地区内各种土地利用时空变化特征,并得出3个时期景观类型分布特征、景观格局变化的趋势及特征。结果表明：（1）区域内土地利用变化显著,整体处于不平衡的状态,主要表现为耕地持续减少、建设用地迅速增加、林地先增后减及草地和水域略有增加;（2）研究区景观结构和景观异质性发生了较大变化,斑块数目增加、平均斑块面积减少,景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数总体上升,在区域景观破碎化程度加剧的同时,各景观类型间差异缩小,景观结构趋于多样化、均匀化和破碎化。最后,指出人类活动,尤其是经济建设是土地利用景观格局变化的主要因素,并对地区的生态可持续发展提出了相应建议     

转型期耕地数量动态变化及最佳非农转化量的实证研究——以江苏省为例

伴随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快，对土地资源的需求量急剧上升，作为土地中的精华——耕地资源也在农业部门和经济建设之间面临着如何分配的矛盾。如何确保耕地资源在粮食安全和经济发展间的优化配置已经成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文试图通过对江苏省耕地数量的变动态势进行分析，并运用区域容许耕地转换量化模型（MAC）来确定江苏省可以允许转换的耕地的最优数量，借此来确定区域耕地保护的底线及调控指标，为城市化进程中区域耕地资源的优化配置提供一种依据和解决思路。     

Evaluating the low-carbon development of urban China

Facing the ever-increasing serious pollution from carbon emission and the pressing need for sustainable development, China initiated the strategy of low-carbon development in 2010. Since then, eight cities and five provinces have been selected as pilot areas to develop a low-carbon economy. Under such a circumstance, this study aimed to construct a indicator system and evaluating model so that the low-carbon development levels of the pilot cities can be quantified. Therefore, this study, based the on Driving Force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response model, established a regional low-carbon development indicator system. Second, the weight of each indicator was calculated by taking the entropy method. Third, the low-carbon development levels were measured and evaluated by taking the comprehensive approach of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution. Then, taking 10 cities from those 13 pilot areas as case studies, this study measured and compared the low-carbon development levels of those 10 cities before and after being pilot areas. The research findings showed that though the low-carbon development levels changed greatly, only five pilot cities’ growth rate is positive. The reasons for changes in the low-carbon development levels were analyzed. The urbanization level and energy consumption elasticity coefficient were the main factors affecting the low-carbon development levels. Additionally, the study traced the effective policies hidden behind the indicators, which provided policy insights to help decision makers prepare their low-carbon development strategies, including legislation efforts, economic instrument, renewable energy and energy-saving technology improvement and low-carbon transportation.