超滤-反渗透集成膜技术再生洗浴废水的研究

洗浴废水是轻度污染的废水,具有较高的回用价值。文章采用超滤-反渗透技术,利用超滤作为反渗透的预处理技术,超滤-反渗透集成膜技术回用洗浴废水。讨论了操作条件分别对超滤和反渗透出水的浊度、细菌总数、COD和膜通量的影响。实验证明了超滤-反渗透集成膜技术回用洗浴废水的出水水质浊度小于3度,细菌总数小于100个/mL,COD小于10mg/L,出水水质指标达到了《生活饮用水卫生标准》,可直接进行回用。     

Preparation of organically functionalized silica gel as adsorbent for copper ion adsorption

A novel adsorbent (AMPS-silica) was synthesized by bounding AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) onto silica surface, which functioned with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane reagent. The adsorbent was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/ desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and potentiometric titration analysis. The TGA result indicated that the surface modification reactions introduced some organic functional groups onto the surface of silica. The surface area of AMPSsilica was 389.7 m2/g. The adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in series of batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica was pH dependent, and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing pH from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics showed that Cu2+ adsorption was fast and the data fitted well with a pseudo second- order kinetic model. The adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica obeyed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with r2 = 0.993 and r2 = 0.984, respectively. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity was 19.9 mg/g. The involved mechanism might be the adsorption through metal binding with organic functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and sulfonic groups. Cu2+ loaded on AMPS-silica could be desorbed in HNO3 solution, and the adsorption properties remain stable after three adsorption-desorption cycles.     

基于风险系统理论的区域环境风险优化管理

文章依据风险系统理论,构建区域环境风险区划的层次结构模型与指标体系,提出区域环境风险综合指数由风险源危险性指数、控制机制有效性指数、受体易损性指数组成。通过区域环境风险定量分析,依据区域环境风险综合指数数值,确定风险管理的优先地区及环节。同时对常州市新北区进行了实例分析,将春江镇确定为优先风险管理区域,明确了该镇进行风险管理的优先环节,并基于量化的风险分析提出风险管理优化的建议。     

紫外光协助下DSA电极对1,4-苯醌的强化开环作用研究

以商品化DSA电极为光电极,以1,4-苯醌为模型污染物进行了光电催化降解,考察了外加电解质、外加电场强度和初始pH条件等因素的影响.结果表明,光电催化氧化过程的TOC去除率是单独光催化氧化和电催化氧化过程之和的1.25倍,光电催化降解过程具有更高的降解效率,证明光催化氧化和电催化氧化过程的耦合产生了一定的协同作用.外加电解质和外加电场均能在一定浓度和强度范围内有效提高光电催化降解效率.酸性和中性pH条件利于1,4-苯醌的开环矿化.探讨了光电催化氧化机制,指出以电化学氧化作用为主导的光助电催化氧化过程能够高效产生羟基自由基,降解效率可调,在水处理中更具实用价值.     

山地太阳散射辐射分布式模拟

基于100m×100m分辨率的数字高程模型（DEM）数据,全面考虑了地形因子对太阳散射辐射的影响,改进了开阔度的计算模型,并通过建立陕西省不同时空尺度月散射分量和晴空指数的估算模型,确定了陕西省气候平均情况下月散射系数的空间分布,实现了实际起伏地形下陕西省太阳散射辐射的分布式模拟,计算了陕西省范围内100m×100m分辨率1~12月气候平均太阳散射辐射的空间分布。结果表明：局地地形对太阳散射辐射空间分布的影响比较明显;模拟结果可靠,可进行大数据量处理,适用于遥感图像处理、地理信息系统等数据处理平台。     

强化絮凝法处理含油浮渣的实验研究

针对炼油污水厂浮选池浮渣的性质和特点,采用强化絮凝法对浮渣进行了实验研究.结果表明:强化絮凝更适合浮渣脱水,在KMnO4投加量为700 mg/L,FeCl3投加量为3 g/L,PAC投加量为700 mg/L,pH值为9,CPAM投加量为190 mg/L的条件下,浮渣含水率降低为78.48%,比单独使用CPAM降低5.38%,浮渣减量化明显,可为当前单独使用CPAM处理含油浮渣的污水厂进行升级改造提供参考.     

石化项目环境风险评价——以某拟建渣油催化裂解制丙烯等化工原料项目为例

以某拟建的渣油催化裂解制丙烯等化工原料项目为例,对石化项目环境风险评价的要点进行了分析,对项目的重大风险源进行了识别,并给出了最大可信事故及源强的确定方法,分别采用世界银行推荐的TNO气团爆炸公式及非正常状态下的面源模式对确定的最大可信事故后果进行预测,给出了风险计算和评价风险管理的结果.     

生态学理念在环境影响评价中的重要性

本文就环境影响评价的发展做了简单的回顾总结,对现阶段环境影响评价的指导理念进行简单分析,提出未来环境影响评价工作将要确立生态学理念为指导,以环境和生态承载力为基础,把生态系统服务功能作为环境影响评价的核心,对拟建项目全过程进行整体性、系统性的分析评价。     

Mechnism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body

Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products(DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently,it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was,therefore,initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process,organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes(TTHM) because of the νC-O and unsaturated structures. Furthermore,the TTHM format...