RuO_2-IrO_2/Ti阳极电催化降解偶氮染料甲基橙模拟废水

以自制Ti基Ru O2-Ir O2镀层形稳电极为阳极,采用电催化氧化处理偶氮染料甲基橙模拟废水。以硫酸钠为支持电解质,在自然p H条件下分别考察了电解时间、电极间距、电流密度和电解质浓度等因素对甲基橙去除率的影响,并分析其原因。实验结果表明,在自然p H、电极间距为1.0 cm、电流密度为30.0 m A/cm2、电解质硫酸钠浓度为20.0 g/L、电解1.0h,甲基橙去除率高达90.0%以上。因此,电催化氧化法作为一种高效、简便的染料废水处理技术,具有一定的应用潜力。     

大气压等离子体射流对水中铜绿微囊藻的灭活作用

以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,将空气源大气压等离子体射流(APPJ)引入到液相,构建新型的大气压等离子体射流液相反应体系,考察了不同APPJ处理方式对铜绿微囊藻的灭活效率,观察了放电处理的藻细胞形态,分析了培养基p H的变化和液相产生的主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)对藻灭活的作用,并探讨了APPJ灭活铜绿微囊藻的作用机理。研究结果表明,当电压为7 k V,空气气体流速为4 L/min,藻液吸光度约为0.200,铜绿微囊藻的灭活率达到99.16%;处理后的藻发生细胞变形和破裂;处理后的藻液中产生H2O2和O3等活性物质,同时产生大量的NO-3和NO-2离子,导致液相p H迅速下降。通过考察主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)及藻液p H因素发现,单一因素灭活效果不佳,主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)和p H的组合因素是APPJ灭活水中铜绿微囊藻的主要原因。     

铜绿微囊藻胁迫对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响

采用共生培养的实验方法,通过追踪测定宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究不同初始密度铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×104ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性增加,说明低密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用及光呼吸具有促进作用;铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×107ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,表明经过一段时间培养后,高密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用和光呼吸呈现出抑制作用。但是在净光合速率急剧降低的时候,光呼吸速率在短时间内仍然维持在一个较高水平,说明宽叶香蒲可能通过维持或增强光呼吸在一定程度上抵抗逆境胁迫。     

页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用

氨气是城市污水污泥产生的恶臭气体之一,控制或抑制其产生是资源化利用甚至处置过程中至关重要的.通过改进氨气测量方法定量分析外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用和机理,实验研究了页岩掺量、陈放形式以及环境温度对污泥氨气挥发浓度的影响.结果表明,外掺页岩对污泥氨气挥发具有明显的抑制作用,随温度升高、陈放时间延长抑制效果有所减弱但仍具有明显作用;页岩对污泥氨气挥发的抑制作用主要为对氨气的吸附作用.     

密相塔半干法烟气脱硫塔内加湿降温及其对脱硫效率的影响

为了实现密相塔半干法脱硫工艺的精确加湿进一步提高系统脱硫效率,利用推导出的传热传质计算方法,得到烟气温度降低和加水量的关系.结合3组密相塔半干法工程实际数据,发现理论计算值和实测值误差区间仅为2.9％ ～5.4％.通过选取河北某钢厂210 m2烧结烟气密相塔半干法脱硫项目实际在线检测数据,发现循环脱硫灰含湿量为3％的系统脱硫效率整体高于含湿量为5％和4％的样品,最大值达93.56％.通过粒度分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及差热-热重对2种不同含湿量的循环脱硫灰进行表征,结果表明,含湿量为3％的循环脱硫灰较含湿量为5％的样品粒径小、比表面积大,无团聚现象,物相分析还证实相对于含湿量为5％样品,其Ca(OH)2和结晶水含量少,几乎都是CaSO4和CaS03干态物质,因此脱硫反应进行彻底,脱硫效率较高.     

低纬高原大气电场特征及其在预警中的应用

通过对2006年7月- 2007年6月云南地闪定位网探测资料和玉溪大气电场仪资料分析,研究了高原晴天大气电场和雷暴天气过程的电场演变特征.结果表明:高原晴天大气电场具有明显的日变化和月变化特征.低纬高原地区雷暴云具有偶极性和三极性两种结构,但大多数雷暴具有偶极性电荷结构,不同电荷结构的雷暴云的放电特征不同,偶极性时主要为负地闪,地闪活动较活跃;三极性时主要是正地闪,地闪活动较少.根据雷暴云近地面电场变化特征,探讨了大气电场仪预警地闪的方法,首次提出极性变化预警法,其命中率和提前预警时间都明显优于阈值预警法.     

Characterization of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) under different PM2.5 concentration in wintertime at a North China rural site

As a secondary pollutant of photochemical pollution, peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) has attracted a close attention. A four-month campaign was conducted at a rural site in North China Plain(NCP) including the measurement of PAN, O₃, NO_x, PM_2.5, oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs), photolysis rate constants of NO₂ and O₃ and meteorological parameters to investigate the wintertime characterization of photochemistry from November 2018 to Fe...     

Impact of carbon source on nitrous oxide emission from anoxic/oxic biological nitrogen removal process and identification of its emission sources

Wastewater treatment is an important source of nitrous oxide (N₂O), which is a strong greenhouse gas and dominate ozone-depleting substance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbon source on N₂O emission from anoxic/oxic biological nitrogen removal process. The mechanisms of N₂O emission were also studied. Long-term experiments were operated to evaluate the effect of three different carbon sources (i.e., glucose, sodium acetate, and soluble starch) on N₂O emission characteristics. And batch experiments, in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors, were carried out to identify the sources of N₂O emission. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and denitrifiers community compositions under different circumstances were also analyzed based on which the underlying mechanisms of N₂O emission were elucidated. The conversion ratios of N₂O in reactors with glucose, sodium acetate, and soluble starch were 5.3 %, 8.8 %, and 2.8 %, respectively. The primary process responsible for N₂O emission was nitrifier denitrification by Nitrosomonas-like AOB, while denitrification by heterotrophic denitrifiers acted as the sink. Reactor with sodium acetate showed the highest N₂O emission, together with the highest nitrogen and phosphate removal ratios. Carbon source has a significant impact on N₂O emission quantity and relatively minor effect on its production mechanism.     

A comparative study on milk packaging using life cycle assessment: from PA-PE-Al laminate and polyethylene in China

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was used to compare the environmental impacts in the life cycle of two milk packaging systems, PA-PE-Al laminate—a laminated foil made from paper, polyethylene and aluminum foil—and polyethylene. The data for the mass, energy fluxes and environmental emissions were obtained from published literature and from site investigations, for the two systems being analyzed for environmental impacts. The application of LCA using Eco-Indicator 99 has made the comparison of the environmental impacts of the two milk packages possible. The results of this LCA study are discussed and the results reveal that the composite packaging has a slightly higher environmental impact than the plastic one. In addition, the environmental impact of raw material extraction is the highest in all of the life cycle stages except for disposal. The environmental impact of composite packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels, land use and respiratory inorganics categories, while the plastic packaging mainly comes from the fossil fuels category. However, the composite packaging has a greater environmental impact because it has not been well recycled and reused. This environmental impact could be decreased by developing the technology to separate out polyethylene and aluminum from the packaging.