垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融渣特性分析

研究了熔融固化产物--熔融渣的特性.结果表明:熔融渣的主要成分为CaO,Al₂O₃和SiO₂,其含量占总质量的99%左右,而SO₃,K₂O,Na₂O和Cl在熔融渣中的含量明显降低,其质量分数分别从原始飞灰中的10.74%,8 58%,3.81%和20.59%降低到0.17%,0.04%,0.23%和0.11%;熔融渣中碱性氧化物和酸性氧化物的含量基本相同,碱度接近于1.0;重金属Cr和Zn的固定率较高,分别为94.2%和81 7%,而Cu,Pb和Cd的固定率较低,分别为31.4%,14.5%和24.6%;采用美国TCLP方法测试的熔融渣中重金属浸出量均低于国家危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准限值.      

固体废物相关概念的基本特点

固体废物法对废物的一些概念进行了定义,在固体废物环境管理当中,对这些概念缺乏深入认识,导致在实际管理中对固体废物和危险废物的调查、认定、统计、管理、预测、设施建设等一系列与废物相关的行动出现偏差甚至不准确。对固体废物、危险废物以及废物利用、处置、贮存、排放等概念包含的内容进行了研究,提出了一些新的认识观点。     

汽油加生物添加剂对发动机废气排放的影响研究

通过发动机的台架试验,系统研究了将一种热带植物提取物作为添加剂加入到不同成分的汽油中对汽油机废气排放特性的影响．结果表明：对于93^#高清洁汽油和93^#成分汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物NOx、一氧化碳等有所减少,CO2排放有明显的改善．对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升．     

Enhanced organic phosphorus detection in sediments by foam separation and 31P-NMR

Phosphorus (P) is both a nutrient and a pollutant. For instance, excess P induces water eutrophication followed by death of fishes and other water life. Determination of organic P content in sediments is therefore important to study P cycling and environmental pollution. The most widely used method to determine organic P in sediments is NaOH–EDTA extraction followed by ³¹P-NMR detection. However, some organic P compounds are difficult to extract using NaOH–EDTA due to the low solubility, thus can not be detected by ³¹P NMR. Here, we used foam separation to determine organic P in sediment of North Canal of Tianjin City, China. Organic P was first enriched using foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction. The enriched organic P was then analyzed with ³¹P NMR. The results showed that, compared with the traditional extraction method, foam separation coupled with NaOH extraction enriched more P compound because ³¹P NMR detected an extra signal of teichoic acid at chemical shift 1.14. This teichoic acid signal was not detected in the extract prepared using only NaOH–EDTA. Our finding demonstrates that determination using foam separation followed by ³¹P NMR is feasible.     

啤酒煮沸二次蒸汽利用——储能与真空蒸发联合热能回收系统

啤酒厂麦汁煮沸耗热占全厂生产用热的50%,实现煮沸二次蒸汽的再利用是企业能否获得较高经济回报的重要环节。从技术原理、技术优势、经济成本等角度对储能与真空蒸发联合热能回收系统进行了分析和阐述,以期为啤酒企业在借鉴和引进节能新技术中起到促进作用。     

Comparative on Causes and Accumulation of Selenium in the Tree-rings Ambient High-selenium Coal Combustion Area from Yutangba, Hubei, China

Toxic trace elements emitted during coal combustion are the main sources of air pollution. They are released into the atmosphere mainly in the forms of fine ash, smoke and flue, and thus adversely affect plant, animal and human health. Selenium is one of toxic and the most volatile in coal. Large amount of atmospheric emission of selenium, as well as selenium present and scrubber stockpiles in ash may create serious environmental problems. In the paper, on the basis of investigating the abundance and distribution of selenium in plant-rings during recent 20 years, the bioaccumulation of selenium is explained that selenium in plant, which were collected from the village of selenium-rich coal combustion, is much higher than that in plants collected away from the village of selenium-rich coal combustion. The main origins of selenium are selenium-rich coal combustion and high-selenium rock weathered. The selenium recycle by food chain and selenium will accumulate and redistribute in environments.     

生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤是控制大气污染的经济有效技术,具有较好的发展前景。本文介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的研究,应用历史,现状,和生物过滤理论,分析了工艺的使用范围,设计及运行控制要点,列举了应用的范例。     

黄铁矿焙烧过程中铊析出影响因素及其烧渣中重金属的相态分布研究

通过模拟硫酸厂的沸腾焙烧炉,考察了黄铁矿焙烧过程中铊(T1)析出的影响因素.并通过分级提取法考察了黄铁矿烧渣中重金属的相态分布.结果表明,T1释放率随焙烧温度的升高而增加,随停留时间的增长而增加;当O2流量在20～300 mL/mi.范围变化时,T1释放率先增后减.环境中备受关注的重金属(如Pb、Cd、Cr等)在黄铁矿烧渣中以Pb为主,各相态Pb的总量达到1 429.20 μg/g,且黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)主要是以分布于硅酸盐矿物相中的残余态形式存在,因此在环境中不易迁移释放.尽管黄铁矿烧渣中的重金属(除Cu和Sr外)不是以非残余态分布为主,但非残余态重金属的总量也不少,因此黄铁矿烧渣在环境中的潜在污染风险应当引起重视.     

中晚全新世泰国湾Chanthaburi海岸Welu河口区沉积物的敏感粒级组分及其对季风气候变化的指示意义

对泰国湾Chanthaburi海岸Welu河口区三根沉积物柱样(WLE08、WLE10和WLE12)进行了210Pb测年分析、AMS14C测年分析和粒度分析.粒度分析结果表明,研究区三根柱样的沉积物类型均属于粘土质粉砂,包含部分贝壳及生物碎屑,分选差,呈正偏态,属于中晚全新世以来形成的沉积物.通过粒级-标准偏差方法对沉...     

长江上游重庆段近20 a降水时空变化特征

全球气候变暖背景下,中国的降水分布日趋复杂,气象灾害造成的损失巨大。为满足防灾减灾与水资源管理的数据支撑需求,基于长江上游重庆段近20 a降水数据,利用线性回归、M-K非参数检验等方法,探究降水的时间变化趋势与空间分异特征。结果表明：近20 a重庆市年降水量在875.6—1348.2 mm。时间上,春、秋两季呈明显增多的趋势,其中3月最显著。降水在14 a时间尺度的周期过程线中波动最强,是第一主周期。空间分布上,呈西低东高的特点,在渝西和长江河谷地区降水相对偏少,主要受重庆地形的影响;渝西和渝东北地区秋季降水显著增多。研究结果可为长江流域旱涝灾害防治、水资源开发利用及经济社会可持续发展提供数据支撑,同时可为植被修复与生态廊道保障提供参考。