苦咸水淡化技术综述

苦咸水淡化是解决水危机的一个重要途径。针对苦咸水的淡化水处理方法,分别介绍了不同方法的原理和优缺点。通过对各种方法的对比,提出CARIX工艺是一种环保、有效的苦咸水淡化技术。     

Synthesis of core-shell magnetic molecular imprinted polymer by the surface RAFT polymerization for the fast and selective removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from aqueous solutions

In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as the chain transfer agent. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface-imprinted magnetic beads were demonstrated with a homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 22 nm), spherical shape, and exhibited magnetic property (Ms = 0.41 mA m² g⁻¹) and thermal stability. Rebinding experiments were carried out to determine the specific binding capacity and selective recognition. The as-synthesized surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads showed outstanding affinity and selectivity towards bisphenol A over structurally related compounds, and easily reach the magnetic separation under an external magnetic field. In addition, the resulting composites reusability without obviously deterioration in performance was demonstrated at least five repeated cycles.     

Spatial and seasonal variations of the contamination within water body of the Grand Canal, China

To delineate the character of contaminations in the Grand Canal, China, a three-year study (2004-2006) was conducted to investigate variations the water quality in the canal. Results showed that the variation of water quality within the Grand Canal was of there is remarkable spatial and seasonal heterogeneity regarding water quality within the Canal. Values of contaminants in dry-season were obviously higher than those in wet-season. Sites influenced strongly by industry and urbanization showed higher contents of nutrients and lower levels of dissolved oxygen in water body; moreover these sites were severely polluted by dissolved metals with the contents of cadmium, chromium and copper exceeding the Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC), US EPA. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested nutrient and dissolved metals pollution was the dominant environmental problems within the Canal. Anthropogenic influences played a dominant role in the character of contaminations in the Grand Canal.     

Particulate air quality model predictions using prognostic vs. diagnostic meteorology in central California

Comparisons were made between three sets of meteorological fields used to support air quality predictions for the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) winter episode from December 15, 2000 to January 6, 2001. The first set of fields was interpolated from observations using an objective analysis method. The second set of fields was generated using the WRF prognostic model without data assimilation. The third set of fields was generated using the WRF prognostic model with the four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique. The UCD/CIT air quality model was applied with each set of meteorological fields to predict the concentrations of airborne particulate matter and gaseous species in central California. The results show that the WRF model without data assimilation over-predicts surface wind speed by ～30% on average and consequently yields under-predictions for all PM and gaseous species except sulfate (S(VI)) and ozone(O₃). The WRF model with FDDA improves the agreement between predicted and observed wind and temperature values and consequently yields improved predictions for all PM and gaseous species. Overall, diagnostic meteorological fields produced more accurate air quality predictions than either version of the WRF prognostic fields during this episode. Population-weighted average PM_2.5 exposure is 40% higher using diagnostic meteorological fields compared to prognostic meteorological fields created without data assimilation. These results suggest diagnostic meteorological fields based on a dense measurement network are the preferred choice for air quality model studies during stagnant periods in locations with complex topography.     

灭菌预处理污泥及其滤液产氢发酵的比较研究

剩余污泥中的固态物质包含大量的蛋白质和多聚糖等有机质,一直被认为是一种具有潜力的生物制氢原料。灭菌预处理的剩余污泥会释放出大量的有机质,真空抽滤后去除掉污泥中固态物质得到滤液。将预处理污泥与滤液分别作为底物,接种产氢菌Pseudomonas sp. GZ1后产氢发酵。测定2种不同底物发酵反应过程中氢气的产量,以及底物的变化（SCOD、可溶性蛋白质、总糖、pH值）。实验结果表明,利用预处理后的污泥滤液作为底物能够有效提高氢气产量。滤液发酵的产氢量达到了4.44 mg H₂/g COD,比预处理污泥直接发酵提高了近3.3倍。本实验证明污泥中的固态物质在发酵过程中能释放出更多的营养物质,但实际上并不能被产氢菌有效地利用产生更多的氢气,并对其原因进行了探讨。     

废旧电路板制备的酚醛树脂的研究

废旧电路板中的树脂与碳酸钙共同加热,获得气体、固体和热解油3种热解产物.以电路板的热解油为原料、以热解过程中产生的氨气为催化剂,可以合成醇溶性热解油酚醛树脂,经分析测试表明,其组成、结构和固化特征与常规工业生产的氨催化酚醛树脂的性能相近,主要性能指标:粘度、游离酚浓度和胶合强度等均可达到醇溶性酚醛树脂产品的质量要求.     

电除尘器总体设计优化的研究

分析研究了火电厂烟尘排放标准、煤种、飞灰特性和锅炉运行等对电除尘器总体设计的影响;对总体设计中的主要技术参数如电场风速、板间距、线间距、驱进速度等进行了优化选择;研究了高比电阻和高含尘浓度烟气条件下本体结构的优化选型;通过实验研究,提出了最佳线间距,防风型电晕极和减弱反电晕的板线匹配,为电除尘器的设计和运行提供借鉴.     

粉尘爆炸基本特性及防爆措施

分析了粉尘爆炸的条件、机理、特点.为了降低可燃粉尘的危害,根据粉尘爆炸的基本特性及粉尘燃爆的发生、发展规律,重点总结、归纳5种预防粉尘爆炸的措施,以期指导安全生产.     

煤矿行业的职业危害预防

煤矿职业危害容易发生的根本原因是企业硬件和软件基础工作的不足,施工周期长、施工条件恶劣、危害因素接触较为频繁、风险发生几率大、伤害结果严重、作业人员素质相对较低等诸多因素。     

建立环境预警监测体系的探讨

要实现环境保护的"三个转变",环境预警监测处在最前沿.如何建立环境预警监测体系,充分发挥各组成部分的功能,成为目前环境监测的中心工作.本文从环境预警监测工作的作用和重要性入手,分析了体系的组成部分:人才、技术能力和监测质量.