城市建筑垃圾的资源化利用

随着建设项目的增多,建筑垃圾也日益增多。本文对建筑垃圾资源化利用进行了初步分析,重点通过对建筑垃圾的分类研究,提出我国建筑垃圾资源化存在问题及建议。     

油田含油污水处理方法对比研究

石油因应用广泛,其开采量不断加大,而石油在开采过程中会产生大量的含油废水,油田采出水其水量大、水质成分复杂,若不有效处理,将对周围造成不利影响。通过论述油田含油污水的来源、分类、常用处理方法,并从三级处理、四个油形、COD去除效率三方面进行分析,最终得出富含浮油污水优选重力分离法进行处理;富含分散油污水优选浮选法、过滤法进行处理;富含乳化油污水优选膜分离法进行处理;富含溶解油污水优选活性污泥法进行处理。     

精制棉废水处理技术进展研究

精制棉广泛用于食品、医药、电子和日化等行业,但废水量大,尤其是蒸煮黑液,色度高、COD值高和可生化性差,处理的工艺复杂、处理成本较高,一直是环境工程领域的难点.本文首先介绍了精制棉废水的来源及性质,重点分析和总结了精制棉废水的炉渣和粉煤灰、酸析、电解和高级氧化预处理技术,并对精制棉废水的生物处理技术和工程实践进行了概括总结.针对精制棉废水的来源和性质,对精制棉废水处理技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

进口废物管理目录调整原则和方法及对策建议研究

简要介绍了我国固体废物进口情况,以及进口废物管理目录在进口固体废物管理方面的重要作用。详细阐述了进口废物管理目录动态调整的发展过程,分析了现行进口废物管理目录中存在的问题,提出了进口废物管理目录动态调整的原则、方法和对策建议,为今后我国动态调整进口废物管理目录提供参考。     

WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂制备及其光催化降解酚类污染物研究

设计并制备了新型WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂应用于酚类污染物的光催化降解反应中.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术分析了WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂的晶型和表面形貌.结果显示锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒均匀地分散在WC纳米球表面并很好地构筑了WC/TiO2界面.研究了不同WC负载比例的WC/TiO2光催化剂在模拟太阳光照射下降解苯酚的光催化性能.结果表明:WC/TiO2复合界面的形成可以有效地提高TiO2光催化降解性能;其中,3%WC/TiO2(质量分数)光催化降解苯酚的活性最高.利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)分析了WC/TiO2纳米复合界面光催化剂降解苯酚的中间产物,提出了苯酚在WC/TiO2界面上可能的降解机理.     

Dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5–2647.1 mg/(m2·day), with an average of 545.4 mg/(m2·day), which is 2–10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6 × 1011–48.7 × 1011g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.     

危险化学品泄漏事故处置

为了降低危险化学品泄漏事故造成的损失和危害,本文系统介绍了危险化学品泄漏事故的应急处置措施,并根据泄漏物质的危险特性,分八大类介绍了不同物质的最简便、有效的泄漏处置方法.     

水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水机理研究

采用水解酸化-好氧法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究.当进水COD为190～220 mg·L^-1时,水解酸化段和好氧段停留时间均为10h的条件下,出水COD为65～75 mg·L^-1,达到GB3550-83第一级Ⅰ类标准.运用GC/MS技术分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律,揭示了水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水过程中的污染物迁移和降解规律.并运用PCR-DGGE技术,考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征,初步确定水解酸化和好氧反应器内的优势菌种.     

137Cs budget during the period of 1960s in a small drainage basin on the Loess Plateau of China

A sediment profile with a thickness of 28.12 m in a failed reservoir in a small catchment of the Yuntaishan Gully in the Loess Plateau of China consisted of 44 flood couplets deposited during the period from 1960 to 1970 with total volume of 2.36 x 10(6)m(3). Specific sediment yields for a flood event varied from 300 t km(-2) to 14,400 t km(-2) and annual sediment yields varied from 2500 t km(-2) in 1966 to 40,000 t km(-2) in 1964 with a mean value of 12,700 t km(-2)a(-1) for the period. Average annual (137)Cs concentrations of the sediments increased from 0.92 Bq kg(-1) in 1960 to 4.82 Bq kg(-1) in 1963, then decreased to 1.53 Bq kg(-1) in 1970. The total (137)Cs activity in the reservoir sediments was 9.22 x 10(9) Bq, which accounted for 31.9% of the total (137)Cs fallout precipitation of 2.89 x 10(10) Bq within the catchment during the period. The proportion of the (137)Cs loss from the catchment to the (137)Cs fallout precipitation within the catchment in a year varied between 8.01% and 66.8%, and it was 20.9% for the peak (137)Cs deposition year of 1963 and 52.0% in 1964. By analysis of the (137)Cs budget in the catchment for the (137)Cs peak precipitation period from 1962 to 1964, the (137)Cs surface enrichment coefficient Gamma should be much less than 0.23. And for calculation of soil losses on the cultivated land in the inter-gully area by using the Mass Balance Model II, the value of Gamma should be 0.05-0.1.