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121.
Traditional agriculture benefits a rich diversity of plants and animals. The winter-flooded rice fields in the Qinling Mountains, China, are the last refuge for the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), and intensive efforts have been made to protect this anthropogenic habitat. Analyses of multi-temporal satellite data indicate that winter-flooded rice fields have been continuously reduced across the current range of crested ibis during the past two decades. The rate of loss of these fields in the core-protected areas has unexpectedly increased to a higher level than that in non-protected areas in the past decade. The best fit (R2 = 0.87) numerical response model of the crested ibis population shows that a reduction of winter-flooded rice fields decreases population growth and predicts that the population growth will be constrained by the decline of traditional winter-flooded rice fields in the coming decades. Our findings suggest that the decline of traditional rice farming is likely to continue to pose a threat to the long-term survival and recovery of the crested ibis population in China.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0649-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献122.
直链烷基苯磺酸盐促进剩余污泥产生短链脂肪酸的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用批试试验的方法研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(C12-LAS)对剩余污泥在厌氧发酵过程中产生的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的影响.结果表明,C12-LAS的投加极大地提高了剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程中的SCFAs产量.当C12-LAS加入量低于0.1g·g-1时,SCFAs产量随着C12-LAS加入量的增加而增加,然而,当C12-LAS加入量高于0.1g·g-1时,SCFAs产量反而有所降低.从污泥产酸量以及经济成本考虑,C12-LAS的最佳投加量为0.02g·g-1,此时剩余污泥的SCFAs最大产量出现在第6天.进一步的研究表明,C12-LAS不仅促使大量的碳水化合物和蛋白质脱离污泥颗粒并溶解到液相中,而且抑制了产甲烷菌的活性.尽管剩余污泥经历着酸化过程,但由于其释放出大量的NH4 -N,污泥在整个厌氧发酵过程中的pH值逐渐升高. 相似文献
123.
124.
利用驯化污泥研究了邻氟苯胺、对氟苯胺、2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能.结果表明,3种氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能从高到低依次为,对氟苯胺、邻氟苯胺和2,4-二氟苯胺.降解动力学分析表明,在初始浓度在8~50 mg·L-1范围内,除2,4-二氟苯胺在实验浓度8.56 mg/L时为一级反应,其他为零级反应.且它们的降解规律都符合Monod方程.污染物化学结构特性与其生物降解性能相关性研究表明,热力学参数与氟苯胺好氧生物降解性能相关性最好,空间参数次之,而电性参数最差.并研究了共代谢条件下葡萄糖和苯胺对2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧降解的影响,葡萄糖的引入有促进作用,而苯胺只在一定浓度范围内有促进作用.因而,氟苯胺的生产废水与生活污水合并处理以及多种组分混合废水处理是可行的. 相似文献
125.
Luyao Wen Chun Yang Xiaoliang Liao Yanhao Zhang Xuyang Chai Wenjun Gao Shulin Guo Yinglei Bi Suk-Ying Tsang Zhi-Feng Chen Zenghua Qi Zongwei Cai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(5):443-452
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about various environmental issues,including PM2.5 pollution.Here,PM2.5 pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown was traced and analyzed to clarify the sources and factors influencing PM2.5 in Guangzhou,with an emphasis on heavy pollution.The lockdown led to large reductions in industrial and traffic emissions,which significantly reduced PM2.5 concentrations in Guangzhou.Interestingly,the trend of PM2.5 相似文献
126.
Xue Yang Chang Wang Lihua Yang Qi Zheng Qiongyu Liu Nicholas J.P.Wawryk Xing-Fang Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):129-140
Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts(DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations(0-8 μmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoqu... 相似文献
127.
128.
AOX漂白废水对黑鲷鱼卵及仔鱼的毒性效应 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用含AOX的造纸漂白废水对人工养殖的黑鲷鱼卵和早期仔鱼进行了毒性实验.结果表明:对于AOX漂白废水的毒性,黑鲷鱼卵胚胎阶段比早期仔鱼阶段更为敏感.高浓度的AOX漂白废水对鱼卵孵化产生一定的抑制作用,对仔鱼产生尾部畸形和致死现象,鱼卵孵化的EC50和95%置信区间分别为0.018和0~0.087 mL/mL;仔鱼72 h LC50和96h LC50分别为0.557和0.774 mL/mL,72 h的LOEC和NOEC分别为0.032和0.001 mL/mL,96 h的LOEC和NOEC分别为0.003和0.001 mL/mL.表明仔鱼对AOX漂白废水的毒性敏感性随着时间的推移而逐渐减弱. 相似文献
129.
构建了准好氧填埋模拟装置,在其产气相对稳定期间,测定填埋装置内不同点位的ψ(O2),ψ(CH4)和ψ(CO2),并用数学模型对ψ(O2)与ψ(CH4)和ψ(CO2)之间的关系进行拟合.结果表明:随着ψ(O2)的增加,上层ψ(CH4)呈对数规律下降,而ψ(CO2)呈线性规律下降;中层ψ(CH4)和ψ(CO2)均呈指数规律下降;下层ψ(CH4)呈指数规律下降,而ψ(CO2)先保持在34%左右波动,当ψ(O2)大于1.8%后呈指数规律下降.上层主要为好氧带,ψ(CH4)低于ψ(CO2);中层主要为兼氧带,当ψ(O2)小于5.8%时ψ(CH4)高于ψ(CO2),而当ψ(O2)大于5.8%时ψ(CH4)低于ψ(CO2);下层主要为厌氧带,当ψ(O2)小于2.8%时ψ(CH4)高于ψ(CO2),而当ψ(O2)大于2.8%时ψ(CH4)低于ψ(CO2). 相似文献
130.
Zhenyan Zhang Xiaoji Fan W.J.G.M. Peijnenburg Meng Zhang Liwei Sun Yujia Zhai Qi Yu Juan Wu Tao Lu Haifeng Qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(1):1-9
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO3?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them. 相似文献