热化学洗涤－超声波分离技术处理油田含油污泥

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥所造成的环保隐患问题,长庆油田建设了含油污泥处理站。采用"热化学洗涤-超声波分离"工艺对含油污泥进行处理。含油污泥的含油率从处理前的48.9%降到处理后2.0%,除油率达到95.9%,除油效果较好。     

炼化企业大检修作业的环保管理

以克拉玛依石化公司为例,对检修作业前环境危害因素进行了辨识,提出了检修前、检修期间环保管理的措施,从废气、废水、噪声、固废四个方面详细介绍了大检修期间进行污染控制的具体措施,分析了大型炼化企业在停工大检修作业期间存在的环境影响因素,提出了大检修作业期间的环保管理内容及污染控制措施。     

黑龙江省西部地区一次大范围强飑线过程分析

应用多种气象监测资料,其中包括气象要素、红外卫星云图、闪电定位和雷达回波等对2007年6月11日黑龙江省西部地区的一次大范围强飑线天气过程,进行了从宏观到微观结构详细特征的深入分析,通过对比红外卫星云图、闪电定位资料与雷达回波发现,3种非常规气象资料在系统影响时间、强度变化和移动方向等方面具有很好的对应性,这一特性可供今后预报此类天气参考.     

Correlations between physicochemical properties of PAHs and their distribution in soil, moss and reindeer dung at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, moss and reindeer dung collected at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic were measured to investigate their accumulation trends and distribution in the three compartments. Compared with the other regions, the proportions of 2 + 3 ring PAHs to the total PAHs were higher, whereas the proportions of 5 + 6 ring PAHs were lower in the three compartments at Ny-Ålesund. Significant log/log-linear relationship was observed between the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure and the soil/moss quotient (Q_SM). The relation was similar to the relationship between the gas/particle partition coefficient (K_P) and of PAHs, implying Q_SM would be a “mirror image” of K_P. Excellent log/log-linear relationships were observed between Q_SM and K_OA as well as between the moss/dung quotient (Q_MD) and K_OW. The results presented here indicate the physicochemical properties are suitable for characterizing the distribution of PAHs in soil, moss and reindeer dung.     

A Multilevel Model of the Impact of Farm‐Level Best Management Practices on Phosphorus Runoff1

Abstract: Multilevel or hierarchical models have been applied for a number of years in the social sciences but only relatively recently in the environmental sciences. These models can be developed in either a frequentist or Bayesian context and have similarities to other methods such as empirical Bayes analysis and random coefficients regression. In essence, multilevel models take advantage of the hierarchical structure that exists in many multivariate datasets; for example, water quality measurements may be taken from individual lakes, lakes are located in various climatic zones, lakes may be natural or man‐made, and so on. The groups, or levels, may effectively yield different responses or behaviors (e.g., nutrient load response in lakes) that often make retaining group membership more effective when developing a predictive model than when working with either all of the data together or working separately with the individuals. Here, we develop a multilevel model of the impact of farm level best management practices (BMPs) on phosphorus runoff. The result of this research is a model with parameters which vary with key practice categories and thus may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of these practices on phosphorus runoff. For example, it was found that the effect of fertilizer application rate on farm‐scale phosphorus loss is a function of the application method, the hydrologic soil group, and the land use (crop type). Further, results indicate that the most effective method for controlling fertilizer loss is through soil injection. In summary, the resultant multilevel model can be used to estimate phosphorus loss from farms and hence serve as a useful tool for BMP selection.     

Evaluation of a Watershed Model for Estimating Daily Flow Using Limited Flow Measurements1

Abstract: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was evaluated for estimation of continuous daily flow based on limited flow measurements in the Upper Oyster Creek (UOC) watershed. SWAT was calibrated against limited measured flow data and then validated. The Nash‐Sutcliffe model Efficiency (NSE) and mean relative error values of daily flow estimations were 0.66 and 15% for calibration, and 0.56 and 4% for validation, respectively. Also, further evaluation of the model’s estimation of flow at multiple locations was conducted with parametric paired t‐test and nonparametric sign test at a 95% confidence level. Among the five main stem stations, four stations were statistically shown to have good agreement between predicted and measured flows. SWAT underestimated the flow of the fifth main stem station possibly because of the existence of complex flood control measures near to the station. SWAT estimated the daily flow at one tributary station well, but with relatively large errors for the other two tributaries. The spatial pattern of predicted flows matched the measured ones well. Overall, it was concluded from the graphical comparisons and statistical analyses of the model results that SWAT was capable of reproducing continuous daily flows based on limited flow data as is the case in the UOC watershed.     

石油化工废水处理技术新进展

针对石油化工废水处理领域目前尚存在的问题,介绍了有关石油化工废水处理的各种方法,阐述了物理化学处理技术、生物处理技术、生物法与物理化学法组合技术等方面的研究进展,指出难生物降解废水的处理是继续研发的重点.     

Biofiltration treatment of odors from municipal solid waste treatment plants

An in situ compost biofilter was established for the treatment of odors from biostabilization processing of municipal solid waste. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in odors and their components were measured. Biofilter media was characterized in terms of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), pH value and determination of bacterial colony structure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that the main components of the produced gas were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) along with other alkanes, alkenes, terpenes, and sulphur compounds. The compost biofilter had remarkable removal ability for alkylated benzenes (>80%), but poor removal for terpenes (～30%). Total VOC concentrations in odors during the biostabilization process period ranged from 0.7 to 87 ppmv, and the VOC removal efficiency of the biofilter varied from 20% to 95%. After about 140 days operation, TN, TC, TP and OM in compost were kept almost stable, but the dissolved N, NH₄–N and NO₃–N experienced an increase of 44.5%, 56.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Dissolved P decreased by 27.3%. The pH value experienced an increase in the early period and finally varied from 7.38 to 8.08. Results of bacterial colony in packing material indicated that bacteria and mold colony counts increased, but yeasts and actinomyces decreased along with biofilter operation, which were respectively, 3.7, 3.4, 0.04 and 0.07 times of their initial values.     

利用含铬废水和含铅废水制备铬黄

利用净化后的含铬废水和含铅废水制备铬黄.采用沉淀法对废水进行净化预处理,最佳工艺条件:100mL含铬废水中加入20 g Na_2CO_3,及10 mL H_2O_2,用NaOH调节含铬废水pH为10.00;用NaOH调节含铅废水pH为2.65.将净化后的10 mL含铬废水和25 mL含铅废水混合,在55-60℃条件下反应10 min,合成的铬黄达到GB/T 3184-2008<铬酸铅颜料和钼铬酸铅颜料>的质量标准.经重金属吸附剂处理Pb~(2+)后铬黄合成滤液中的Cr~(6+)和Pb~(2+)质量浓度均达到GB8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>的指标.     

运动鞋鞋底防滑性能的研究进展

本文论述了国内外在鞋底防滑性能方面的研究现状,对其发展趋势做了预测,有助于进一步研究鞋底的防滑性能,以提高运动鞋的质量,对着穿者在运动中的保护起到更好的作用,有助于运动质量的提高。