绿色工艺无溶剂合成β-羰基膦酸酯（英文）

β-羰基膦酸酯具有广泛的生物学活性,在著名的Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)反应中用于合成α,β-不饱和羰基化合物.为克服现有合成β-羰基膦酸酯类化合物的方法存在的缺陷,在一种无溶剂环境下利用烯烃、亚磷酸酯和氧气为原料,铜/铁共催化氧膦化酯制备β-羰基膦酸酯.结果显示:该反应具有良好的选择性和底物普适性,利用简单易得的起始物料有效地获得一系列β-羰基膦酸酯,并能获得32%-77%的收率.此外,将该反应放大至10克级其收率没有显著下降.进一步利用1H NMR、13C NMR、31P NMR及HRMS等技术对β-羰基膦酸酯化合物进行了结构表征.本研究提供了一种实用、成本低廉、高效、绿色工艺合成β-羰基膦酸酯的方法.     

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater by a novel heterogeneous Fenton oxidation process

Sewage sludge from a biological wastewater treatment plant was converted into sewage sludge based activated carbon(SBAC) with Zn Cl2 as activation agent, which was used as a support for ferric oxides to form a catalyst(Fe Ox/SBAC) by a simple impregnation method.The new material was then used to improve the performance of Fenton oxidation of real biologically pretreated coal gasification wastewater(CGW). The results indicated that the prepared Fe Ox/SBAC significantly enhanced the pollutant removal performance in the Fenton process, so that the treated wastewater was more biodegradable and less toxic. The best performance was obtained over a wide p H range from 2 to 7, temperature 30°C, 15 mg/L of H2O2 and 1 g/L of catalyst, and the treated effluent concentrations of COD, total phenols,BOD5 and TOC all met the discharge limits in China. Meanwhile, on the basis of significant inhibition by a radical scavenger in the heterogeneous Fenton process as well as the evolution of FT-IR spectra of pollutant-saturated Fe Ox/BAC with and without H2O2, it was deduced that the catalytic activity was responsible for generating hydroxyl radicals, and a possible reaction pathway and interface mechanism were proposed. Moreover, Fe Ox/SBAC showed superior stability over five successive oxidation runs. Thus, heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of biologically pretreated CGW by Fe Ox/SBAC, with the advantages of being economical, efficient and sustainable, holds promise for engineering application.     

齐齐哈尔市土地利用变化及其对地下水水质的影响

为了探究齐齐哈尔市土地利用变化及其对地下水水质的影响,利用1995年、2003年、2011年遥感影像解译结果,比照地下水水质长期监测数据开展相关研究。结果表明,研究区土地利用类型以旱田、湿地和建设用地为主,其中旱田面积最大,占45%以上;近20a来,湿地面积持续减少,减少面积达112.38km2,主要转变为旱田、水田和建设用地,而建设用地的增加主要来自于开发旱田;1995~2003年、2003~2011年2个时期的综合土地利用动态度分别为0.97%、0.60%,研究区2003年之前总体土地利用变化程度明显高于后期。地下水中NO-3-N、SO2-4、Cl-和总硬度浓度变化趋势,与建设用地和旱田间的相互转变密切相关。城镇化建设快速发展及工矿用地土地资源的长期开发,成为对该地区地下水水质产生直接影响的主要土地利用方式。     

复合重金属污染场地分类方法在某污染场地的实践应用

概述了复合重金属污染场地分类方法与技术指标体系,结合沈阳某复合重金属污染场地治理项目实施的实例,针对多种重金属的复合场地通过确定不同的污染程度,以便对重度、中度、轻度污染的土壤分别采用不同的治理与修复方法,确保实现治理与修复工程环境安全、技术先进和经济可行的三者统一。     

风险管理标准在环境监测站的应用研究

环境监测是环保工作的重要组成部分,任务重、责任大、社会关注度高,基层环境监测站更处在风口浪尖,面临着监测质量风险、岗位职务风险、败诉追责风险、廉政纪检风险等一系列风险.2013年两高环境司法解释出台后,环境监测数据可直接作为司法证据,这对基层环境监测站提出更新、更高的要求.该文章介绍了运用《风险管理原则与实施指南》(GB/T 24353-2009)进行环境监测站风险管理的方法.     

一株高效产絮菌的筛选、絮凝条件优化及对重金属废水处理性能研究

从活性污泥、水体底泥、植物根系土壤和草莓种植土壤中筛选、分离、纯化,获得了高絮凝活性的菌株,并考察发酵液用量、助凝剂用量以及碳、氮源种类对絮凝活性的影响及菌株对实际重金属废水的絮凝作用。结果表明:以葡萄糖为碳源,酵母膏为氮源,菌体发酵液用量0.2 m L,助凝剂用量0.8 m L时,菌株QB1的絮凝性最高,可达到93%。其对多种重金属废水均具有较好的处理性能,对含铅废水的去除率最高可达99%以上。     

国家环境保护规划评估的语义建模技术方法研究

在确定环境保护规划文本语义解析目标的基础上,列举了规划文本的形式分析和内容分析方法,研究提出了规划评估的两类建模技术:基于驱动力的模型构建技术和基于利益驱动的模型构建技术,并针对语义模型构建相关技术的未来研究方向提出建议:(1)推广计算机信息搜索与统计技术在文本形式分析技术方法领域的应用;(2)关注评估过程中的利益相关方的主张、焦虑、争议以及相应的解决办法.     

Nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by activated carbon technologies combined with short-cut nitrogen removal process

A system combining granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon technologies along with shortcut biological nitrogen removal （GAC-PACT-SBNR） was developed to enhance total nitrogen （TN） removal for anaerobically treated coal gasification wastewater with less need for external carbon resources. The TN removal efficiency in SBNR was significantly improved by introducing the effluent from the GAC process into SBNR during the anoxic stage, with removal percentage increasing from 43.8%49.6% to 68.8%-75.8%. However, the TN removal rate decreased with the progressive deterioration of GAC adsorption. After adding activated sludge to the GAG compartment, the granular carbon had a longer service-life and the demand for external carbon resources became lower. Eventually, the TN removal rate in SBNR was almost constant at approx. 43.3%, as compared to approx. 20.0% before seeding with sludge. In addition, the production of some alkalinity during the denitrification resulted in a net savings in alkalinity requirements for the nitrification reaction and refractory chemical oxygen demand （COD） degradation by autotrophic bacteria in SBNR under oxic conditions. PACT showed excellent resilience to increasing organic loadings. The microbial community analysis revealed that the PACT had a greater variety of bacterial taxons and the dominant species associated with the three compartments were in good agreement with the removal of typical pollutants. The study demonstrated that pre-adsorption by the GAC-sludge process could be a technically and economically feasible method to enhance TN removal in coal gasification wastewater （CGW）.     

生物活性炭吸附石化废水有机污染物实验研究

生物活性炭吸附石化二级废水有机污染物实验主要包括生物活性炭挂膜实验和生物活性碳影响因素实验。在实验中考察了水力负荷和活性炭滤层厚度两因素对有机污染物吸附作用。结果表明:在45 d左右挂膜基本成功,最佳水力负荷为0.25~0.75m3/(m2·h),活性炭滤层最佳厚度为90cm。     

北京市密云水库上游金矿区土壤稀土元素的地球化学特征

采集了密云水库上游金矿区的34个土壤表层样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了土壤稀土元素含量,研究了土壤不同粒级中稀土元素的分布特征,并对土壤稀土元素含量分布的影响因素、累积效应、配分模式及分馏特征进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:金矿区土壤稀土元素总量∑REE略高于中国大陆土壤∑REE背景值。随着颗粒粒径的减少,稀土元素及总有机碳(TOC)含量均逐渐增加。相关性分析表明,各稀土元素均表现出相似的相关性,与全量元素Li、V、Co、Ga、Rb、Cs呈正相关,与Cu、Cd、Pb及pH呈负相关,与TOC呈显著正相关;土壤pH、有机质和矿物质成分与稀土元素含量分布密切相关。累积因子(AF)分析表明,稀土元素在粘粒级(0~2μm)、粉砂粒级(2~50μm)中表现出显著的累积效应,这是由于微细颗粒比表面积较大,次生矿物及有机质含量较高。经球粒陨石标准化后,各粒级稀土元素总体配分曲线相近,均表现为Ce无异常,Eu明显亏损,50μm的粗粒级Eu亏损较细粒级更为严重。土壤轻重稀土分馏程度关系为:砂粒级(50~350μm)粉砂粒级(2~50μm)粘粒级(0~2μm)。该研究结论将为选取稀土元素作为示踪剂提供科学依据,并为不同粒级中稀土元素的进一步研究提供一定的参考价值。