青萍(Lemna minor L.)对氮磷的吸收特征

以西部地区优势浮萍品种青萍为实验对象,研究了青萍对不同浓度硝态氮和磷酸盐的吸收特征。结果表明,硝态氮浓度在1～10 mg/L范围内,青萍对硝态氮有较好的吸收效果,M-M方程可以较好地描述硝态氮浓度与青萍对硝态氮的吸收速率之间的关系,通过M-M方程拟合得到青萍对硝态氮的最大吸收速率为0.1167 mg/(g FW.h),亲和力常数为6.9274。磷酸盐浓度在0.1～1.0 mg/L范围内,青萍对磷酸盐也有较好的吸收效果,二次多项式回归可以较好地描述青萍吸收速率与磷酸盐浓度的关系,回归方程得到青萍对磷酸盐的最大吸收速率为0.0193 mg/(g FW.h),对应磷酸盐浓度为0.6 mg/L。     

耐低温贫营养好氧反硝化菌群脱氮特性及安全性

针对微污染水体强化原位生物脱氮技术同时面临低温、贫营养及好氧问题,对实验室已分离筛选的贫营养好氧反硝化菌和耐低温好氧反硝化菌进行菌源重组,构建出高效耐低温贫营养好氧脱氮功能菌群T1(Y3+F3+H8)和T2(Y3+F4)。研究不同投菌量条件下菌群的脱氮特性,结果表明,投菌量对T1脱氮效果有一定影响,0.1、0.2和1.0 mg/L投量对NO3--N去除率为71%、91%和100%,总氮去除率为56%、34%和52%;T2菌群,当投量为0.2 mg/L时,对NO3--N、总氮去除率最大可达66%和59.48%。对菌群T1、T2进行生物安全性分析,采用次氯酸钠进行消毒,其生物灭活率均达到99.9%以上。     

氧化物催化剂对非热等离子体催化降解甲苯的影响

考察了在干燥气氛下不同氧化物催化剂对非热等离子体催化降解甲苯的影响。从甲苯降解率、碳平衡、CO2选择性和O3去除4个方面,对比了氧化物催化剂的介电性能、表面供氧能力和比表面积与多孔结构对反应产生影响的强弱。结果表明,催化剂的介电性能有利于甲苯降解率、碳平衡和O3产量的提高,但对CO2选择性和O3去除的影响极小;一定能量密度下,催化剂比表面积与多孔结构对CO2选择性和O3去除所产生的影响要强于介电性能;催化剂表面供氧能力可明显促进反应的进行,其对反应所产生的影响要强于比表面积与多孔结构。     

骨炭对水中不同形态Sb吸附和解吸的影响

采用骨炭作为吸附剂,研究其在不同骨炭用量、pH值和温度条件下对水中Sb（Ⅲ）和Sb（Ⅴ）吸附和解吸的影响。结果表明,骨炭对Sb（Ⅲ）的吸附效果远好于Sb（Ⅴ）,在0.2~8.0 mmol/L的Sb（Ⅲ）和Sb（Ⅴ）浓度下,骨炭对这2种形态Sb的去除率分别为46.1%~78.6%和9.6%~31.7%。采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均可以很好地拟合骨炭对Sb（Ⅲ）和Sb（Ⅴ）的吸附,Sb（Ⅲ）和Sb（Ⅴ）的最大吸附容量分别为110.1034 mg/g和17.4167 mg/g。骨炭对Sb（Ⅲ）的解吸也大于对Sb（Ⅴ）的解吸。骨炭对Sb（Ⅲ）和Sb（Ⅴ）的吸附受不同骨炭用量、pH值和温度影响。     

钙对李氏禾富集和耐受铬的调控作用

通过水培实验,研究钙对铬胁迫下李氏禾幼苗生理生化、草酸分泌及铬吸收量的影响,考察钙对李氏禾体内草酸合成的调控,进而促进李氏禾的铬耐性富集能力的作用。结果显示,不同浓度Cr³⁺胁迫下缺钙处理,李氏禾生长受抑制及质膜过氧化作用加剧,体内总草酸含量为对照处理的113%~169%,且主要表现为水溶性草酸含量显著高于对照,水溶性草酸含量为对照处理的135%~197%;高钙处理,李氏禾细胞膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量低于对照,李氏禾叶部总草酸含量为对照处理的125%~155%,且主要表现为不溶性草酸含量显著高于对照,其含量为对照处理的181%~270%。低浓度（0.2、0.4 mmol/L）铬胁迫下,高钙处理总铬含量分别为对照处理的175%和215%,高浓度（0.8、1.0 mmol/L）铬胁迫下,总铬含量与对照处理无显著差异（P>0.05）。可见,添加Ca²⁺能在一定Cr³⁺浓度胁迫下,有效缓解铬对李氏禾的毒害,且能通过提高植物体内不溶性草酸含量达到促进植物富集和耐受铬的能力。     

堇青石负载Pd和过渡金属氧化物催化剂的表征及其对CO的催化氧化活性

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷(CC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了堇青石负载Pd和过渡金属混合氧化物催化剂,记作Pd-M-Mn(M=Cu,Co,Fe,Ni)/CC。实验结果表明:Pd-Co-Mn/CC催化剂的催化活性最高;随着Pd负载量的增加,CO转化率提高;当Pd负载量为1.00%时,反应温度为150℃时CO转化率达到98%,200℃时CO转化率达到100%;在反应温度150℃条件下,Pd-Co-Mn/CC催化剂(Pd负载量1.00%)的CO转化率在前30h内小幅度下降,随后稳定在90%以上,反应100h后,催化剂表面颜色由黑色变为棕褐色。     

HZ-16型大孔树脂吸附处理含RDT-8废水

采用HZ-16型大孔树脂对含三（三溴苯氧基）三嗪（RDT-8）废水进行吸附及脱附处理。实验结果表明：在废水流量为4.0 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳吸附工艺条件为出水体积88.0 BV,此条件下出水COD小于291 mg/L,挥发酚质量浓度小于0.08 mg/L;在脱附液流量为0.5 BV/h的条件下,树脂最佳脱附工艺条件为脱附液体积3.0 BV,此条件下脱附液中挥发酚质量浓度为30.6 mg/L,挥发酚脱附率高达76.4%。在最佳吸附-脱附工艺条件下,连续进行10次动态吸附-脱附实验,吸附出水中COD为137~294 mg/L,COD去除率为72.5%~89.1%,挥发酚质量浓度稳定在0.05 mg/L以下,挥发酚去除率为99.8%~100%,说明HZ-16型大孔树脂的吸附-脱附性能稳定。     

Phthalate exposure in pregnant women and their children in central Taiwan

Phthalate exposure was found to be associated with endocrine disruption, respiratory effects, reproductive and developmental toxicity. The intensive use of plastics may be increasing the exposure to phthalates in Taiwanese population, particularly for young children.We studied phthalate metabolites in pregnant women and their newborns in a prospective cohort from a medical center in Central Taiwan. One hundred maternal urine samples and 30 paired cord blood and milk samples were randomly selected from all of participants (430 pregnant women). Eleven phthalate metabolites (MEHP, 5OH-MEHP, 2cx-MEHP, 5cx-MEPP, 5oxo-MEHP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, OH-MiNP, oxo-MiNP, and cx-MiNP) representing the exposure to five commonly used phthalates (DEHP, di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP), DnBP, BBP, DiNP) were measured in urine of pregnant women, cord serum and breast milk after delivery, and in urine of their children. Exposure was estimated with excretion factors and correlation among metabolites of the same parent compound. Thirty and 59 urinary samples from 2 and 5 years-old children were randomly selected from 185 children successfully followed.Total urinary phthalate metabolite concentration (geometric mean, μg L⁻¹) was found to be higher in 2-years-olds (398.6) and 5-years-olds (333.7) than pregnant women (205.2). Metabolites in urine are mainly from DEHP. The proportion of DiNP metabolites was higher in children urine (4.39 and 8.31%, ages 2 and 5) than in adults (0.83%) (p < 0.01). Compared to urinary levels, phthalate metabolite levels are low in cord blood (37.45) and milk (14.90). DEHP metabolite levels in women’s urine and their corresponding cord blood are significantly correlated. Compared to other populations in the world, DEHP derived metabolites in maternal urine were higher, while phthalate metabolite levels in milk and cord blood were similar. The level of phthalate metabolites in milk and cord blood were comparable to those found in other populations. Further studies of health effects related to DEHP and DiNP exposure are necessary for the children.     

Salicylic acid involved in the regulation of nutrient elements uptake and oxidative stress in Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara under Pb stress

In this study, the alterations in nutrient elements content, reactive oxygen species level and antioxidant response were studied in leaves of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara exposed to salicylic acid (SA, 10 or 100 μM), or Pb (50 μM) or their combinations for 4 d. No significant alterations in Mn and Ca content were observed but content of Cu, Zn, Fe and P decreased in plants exposed to SA alone. SA application inhibited the uptake of Pb and partially reversed Pb-induced the alterations in Mn, Ca and Fe content in leaves of V. natans exposed to 50 μM Pb. The decreased chlorophyll (a + b) and increased malondialdehyde and O²⁻ and H₂O₂ content were detected in plants exposed to 100 μM SA, 50 μM Pb, 10 μM SA + 50 μM Pb or 100 μM SA + 50 μM Pb. Application SA partially inhibited Pb-induced the increase of malondialdehyde, O²⁻ and H₂O₂ content. 100 μM SA decreased the activity of NADH oxidase and the content of non-protein thiols, carotenoids and ascorbic acid and increased the content of dehydroascorbate in plants treated with or without Pb. SA alone decreased the ascorbate peroxidase activity and increased the catalase and peroxidase activity, while SA application increased catalase activity but had no significant effect on ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activity in V. natans exposed to Pb. The results indicate that SA involves in the regulation of Pb uptake, nutrient balance and oxidative stress.     

Characterization of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria isolated from copper-tolerant plants and their potential in promoting the growth and copper accumulation of Brassica napus

One hundred Cu-resistant-endophytic bacteria were isolated from Cu-tolerant plants grown on Cu mine wasteland, of which, eight Cu-resistant and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria were obtained based on the ACC deaminase activity of the bacteria and characterized with respect to metal resistance, production of ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as well as siderophores and mineral phosphate solubilization. Ralstonia sp. J1-22-2, Pantoea agglomerans Jp3-3, and Pseudomonas thivervalensis Y1-3-9 with higher ACC deaminase activity (ranging from 213 to 370 μM α-ketobutyrate mg(-1)h(-1)) were evaluated for promoting plant growth and Cu uptake of rape grown in quartz sand containing 0, 2.5, and 5 mg kg(-1) of Cu in pot experiments. The eight bacteria were found to exhibit different multiple heavy metal resistance characteristics, to show different levels of ACC deaminase activity and to produce indole acetic acid. Seven bacteria produced siderophores and solubilized inorganic phosphate. Pot experiments showed that inoculation with the strains (J1-22-2, Jp3-3, and Y1-3-9) was found to increase the biomass of rape. Increases in above-ground tissue Cu contents of rape cultivated in 2.5 and 5 mg kg(-1) of Cu-contaminated substrates varied from 9% to 31% and from 3 to 4-fold respectively in inoculated-rape plants compared to the uninoculated control. The maximum Cu uptake of rape was observed after inoculation with P. agglomerans Jp3-3. The results show that metal-resistant and plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria play an important role in plant growth and Cu uptake which may provide a new endophytic bacterial-assisted phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated environment.