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931.
微波协同氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液NF膜滤浓缩液研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液NF膜处理后产生的浓缩液处理难问题,采用微波协同氧化技术对其进行预处理,探讨了pH值、预反应时间、药剂用量、微波反应时间等因素对浓缩液CODcr及色度去除率的影响.结果表明:当pH=4,预反应时间60 min,药剂用量1g/l、微波反应时间3 min时,CODcr、色度的去除率分别为71.2%,80%.预处理后的出水CODcr及色度指标达到垃圾渗滤液现有生化处理系统的进水要求. 相似文献
932.
The reversibility of the structure and dewaterability of broken anaerobic digested sludge(ADS)is important to ensure the efficiency of sludge treatment or management processes.This study investigated the effect of continuous strong shear(CSS)and multipulse shear(MPS)on the zeta potential,size(median size,d_(50)),mass fractal dimension(D_F),and capillary suction time(CST)of ADS aggregates.Moreover,the self-regrowth(SR)of broken ADS aggregates during slow mixing was also analyzed.The results show that raw ADS with d_(50) of 56.5μm was insensitive to CSS–SR or MPS–SR,though the size slightly decreased after the breakage phase.For conditioned ADS with d_(50) larger than 600μm,the breakage in small-scale surface erosion changed to large-scale fragmentation as the CSS strength increased.In most cases,after CSS or MPS,the broken ADS had a relatively more compact structure than before and d_(50) is at least 200μm.The CST of the broken fragments from optimally dosed ADS increased,whereas that corresponding to overdosed ADS decreased.MPS treatment resulted in larger and more compact broken ADS fragments with a lower CST value than CSS.During the subsequent slow mixing,the broken ADS aggregates did not recover their charge,size,and dewaterability to the initial values before breakage.In addition,less than 15%self-regrowth in terms of percentage of the regrowth factor was observed in broken ADS after CSS at average velocity gradient no less than 1905.6 sec~(-1). 相似文献
933.
融雪对土壤溶解性有机质溶析作用的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用土壤浸提实验和土柱淋洗实验,考察了化学离子的种类与浓度对进入融雪径流的土壤溶解性有机物(DOM)的含量和光谱学特性的影响,以及不同化学特征的积雪融化过程中土壤DOM的释放规律.土壤浸提实验结果表明,随着Na~+、Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)浓度的升高,土壤浸提液中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度显著降低;随着Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)浓度的升高,土壤浸提液中波长254 nm处的紫外吸光度(UV-254)逐渐降低;随着Na~+和Mg~(2+)浓度的升高,土壤浸提液中单位浓度DOC的紫外吸收值(SUVA)值逐渐升高.NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和Na~+的浓度过高或过低时,土壤浸提液中DOM的类腐殖酸和类富里酸荧光峰强度较低;随着Cl~-、Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)浓度的升高,土壤浸提液中DOM的类腐殖酸荧光峰强度逐渐降低.土柱淋溶实验结果表明,类腐殖酸和类富里酸荧光物质是土壤淋滤液中的主要荧光物质.与纯水相比,融雪水作为淋洗液导致土壤淋滤液中DOC浓度的降低,以及类微生物代谢产物荧光峰强度的增高.冻融交替抑制DOM自土壤解吸进入淋滤液,并且导致土壤淋滤液中芳香族化合物相对含量的降低. 相似文献
934.
Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95 days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79 days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential. 相似文献
935.
采用盆栽方法研究再生水、再生水+Pb、清水+Pb处理浇灌萝卜,以清水浇灌为对照对萝卜根际土壤微生物群落的影响进行研究。结果表明:(1)土壤总PLFA含量及各菌群生物量从大到小依次为:再生水再生水+Pb清水清水+Pb。再生水灌溉有利于萝卜根际微生物各类群数量的增加,丰富微生物多样性。用含铅的溶液(再生水+Pb、清水+Pb)浇灌萝卜,可抑制土壤微生物各类群的数量,G-受到的抑制尤为明显。(2)主成分分析表明,再生水灌溉与对照相比,土壤微生物群落结构差异最大。(3)土壤微生物各类群与土壤速效钾、硝酸盐氮含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),真菌、放线菌与土壤有机质含量,G~+、G~-菌与p H均呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。G~+、G~-与萝卜地下鲜重均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),土壤微生物各类群与地上部分硝酸盐含量、与根冠比呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。 相似文献
936.
937.
为评价某石化混合废水的毒性,采用活性污泥耗氧速率抑制试验研究不同φ(石化废水)对活性污泥中不同菌群的抑制及其影响因素. 结果表明,所用石化废水对活性污泥中的硝化细菌具有明显毒性,其EC50(半抑制效应浓度,以φ计)为9%左右;同时,该废水对异养菌的耗氧具有较强的促进作用,φ(石化废水)为100%时IH(异养菌耗氧速率抑制率,131%)最高,这种促进作用对RT(总耗氧速率)测定有显著影响(R=0.991,P<0.05),因此,仅以RT评价废水毒性容易造成对废水真实毒性的低估. 5种常见易降解基质(乙酸钠、葡萄糖、甲醇、生活污水、丙酸钠)中,ρ(甲醇)为15 mg/L时对异养菌促进效果显著(P<0.05),促进率达50%以上;而在高浓度条件下,乙酸钠、葡萄糖、甲醇、丙酸钠对异养菌均有显著促进作用(P<0.05),RH(异养菌耗氧速率)最高提高了182%. 研究显示,石化废水中的乙酸盐等易降解成分是活性污泥耗氧速率抑制试验的重要干扰因素. 相似文献
938.
Sagy Cohen G. Robert Brakenridge Albert Kettner Bradford Bates Jonathan Nelson Richard McDonald Yu‐Fen Huang Dinuke Munasinghe Jiaqi Zhang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):847-858
Information on flood inundation extent is important for understanding societal exposure, water storage volumes, flood wave attenuation, future flood hazard, and other variables. A number of organizations now provide flood inundation maps based on satellite remote sensing. These data products can efficiently and accurately provide the areal extent of a flood event, but do not provide floodwater depth, an important attribute for first responders and damage assessment. Here we present a new methodology and a GIS‐based tool, the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET), for estimating floodwater depth based solely on an inundation map and a digital elevation model (DEM). We compare the FwDET results against water depth maps derived from hydraulic simulation of two flood events, a large‐scale event for which we use medium resolution input layer (10 m) and a small‐scale event for which we use a high‐resolution (LiDAR; 1 m) input. Further testing is performed for two inundation maps with a number of challenging features that include a narrow valley, a large reservoir, and an urban setting. The results show FwDET can accurately calculate floodwater depth for diverse flooding scenarios but also leads to considerable bias in locations where the inundation extent does not align well with the DEM. In these locations, manual adjustment or higher spatial resolution input is required. 相似文献
939.
940.