10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态研究

建立了丁醚脲在甘蓝及土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱检测方法,并采用田间试验方法对丁醚脲在甘蓝及土壤中的残留消解动态进行研究,开展了最终残留试验.结果表明,在0.05～5.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的平均添加回收率为82.5%～100.9%,相对标准偏差为4.5%～7.5%.残留消解动态研究表明,丁醚脲在甘蓝和土壤中的降解符合方程式Ct=C0e-kt;10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的半衰期分别为2.87～2.99 d和3.37～3.57 d.最终残留试验研究表明,在施用有效成分约为0.02～0.04 g/m2,施药1～2次,每次施药间隔期为7 d的情况下,北京市试验地内,10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝中的残留量为ND～0.18 mg/kg,土壤中的残留量为0.09～0.37 mg/kg;湖南冷水江市试验地内,10%丁醚脲微乳剂在甘蓝中的残留量为ND～0.24 mg/kg;土壤中的残留量为0.11～0.46mg/kg.对照日本的最大残留限量标准,产品符合我国及日本规定的质量安全要求.     

威海海域文昌鱼的重金属含量

通过对威海海域文昌鱼体内Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg含量的测定,结果表明,在文昌鱼体内重金属元素的浓度依次为:Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞Cd＞Pb;跟其他动物相比,文昌鱼体内非生物体必需的金属元素含量较低,而生物体必需的金属元素含量较高.通过对文昌鱼体内重金属元素浓度的统计分析,发现:Cu与Zn之间相关性较强.Hg、Cu、Zn与体长和体重的相关关系都较强.Cu与Zn、Hg与体长、Hg与体重、Cd与体长和Cd与体重成正线性相关关系,其余均成负线性相关关系.从多元线性回归情况来看,体长和体重与Hg、Cu、Zn之间存在较强的相关关系.因而,综合来看,文昌鱼的体长和体重与体内重金属含量关系很大,可以较好地反映体内Hg、Cu、Zn的含量情况.     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中联苯与菲

文章研究了一种新的测定废水中联苯及菲含量的方法,该方法采用气相色谱薄涂柱,对联苯与菲进行了有效的分离与测定。该方法具有固定液用量少,柱温低,分离效果好,分析速度快等特点,利用该对废水样进行了测定,取得了满意的结果。     

碳管吸收气相色谱法测定大气中的非甲烷烃

文章研究了用碳管吸收大气中的非甲烷烃,经热解吸后,用气相色谱氢火 离子检测器进行测定的方法。本文色谱柱为玻璃微球填充柱。与其它方法比较,本法简便、快速,重现性好。     

Effect of ZnCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> impregnation ratio on pore structure of activated carbons prepared from cattle manure compost: application of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption-desorption isotherms

Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl₂ activation with various ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the α_s plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons. It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than the α_s method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl₂ impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl₂: raising the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (V_me ^D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (V_me ^D); increasing the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in V_mi ^D of about 50% and in V_me ^D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in V_mi ^D but a 200% increment in the value of V_me ^D.     

论旅游地的环境解说

环境教育是全民的、终身的教育,环境解说是环境教育的重要方式。环境解说一方面有利于保护旅游地的生态环境,另一方面也是国民环境教育网络体系中的重要节点。本文在简要介绍了海外环境解说的理论发展后,总结了美国和我国台湾省国家公园环境解说方面的成功经验,对我国旅游地环境解说系统建设提出了建议。     

Effects of cadmium on glutathione synthesis in hepatopancreas of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems that could promote oxidative damage. To explore the effects of Cd exposure of a freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) on hepatopancreatic glutathione (GSH) synthesis, crabs were exposed to the reagent with a dose range of 7.25-116.00 mg L(-1) for 48 h. The concentrations of GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), NADPH and NADP(+), as well as the activities of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) were determined. Progressive depletion of cellular GSH content was observed with the increasing of Cd concentrations, while the level of GSSG remained constant. In response to Cd exposure, crabs showed significant induction of G6PD and NADPH, however, only up to moderate exposures. GR activity remained at a steady level at all exposure concentrations. The activity of gamma-GCS was significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration. These results suggested that GSH synthesis could be activated against reactive oxygen species induced by lower Cd exposure; under the higher Cd exposure conditions, an inhibition of NADPH-dependant redox cycling and de novo GSH synthesis led to significant decrease in GSH content.     

汞蒸汽被动式检气管的初步研制

初步研制的汞蒸汽被动式检气管是建立在气体分子扩散和化学吸收原理基础上的,新制备的碘化亚铜沉淀和乙醇、甘油、硝酸混合、研碎,伴入经活化的层析硅胶,填充到检气管中,当汞蒸气进入管内时,发生显色反应,检气管显色长度的平方与汞蒸汽浓度及采样时间的乘积成线性关系,检测下限为0.001ug/mL(1h)。该法集采样与分析于一体,结构简单,不需动力,便于携带,操作方便,实验室模拟运用,其灵敏度和标准偏差令人满意。     

Enhanced bioaccumulation of cadmium in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

In this study adsorption of Cd onto TiO2 nanoparticles and natural sediment particles (SP) were studied and the facilitated transports of Cd into carp by TiO2 nanoparticles and SP were assessed by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Cd contaminated water in the presence of TiO2 and SP respectively. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles had a significantly stronger adsorption capacity for Cd than SP. The presence of SP did not have significant influence on the accumulation of Cd in carp during the 25 d of exposure. However, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles greatly enhanced the accumulation of Cd in carp. After 25 d of exposure Cd concentration in carp increased by 146%, and the value was 22.3 and 9.07 microg/g, respectively. And there is a positive correlation between Cd and TiO2 concentration. Considerable Cd and TiO2 accumulated in viscera and gills of the fish.     

DO C/N对同步硝化反硝化影响的试验研究

在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)内,以模拟的城市污水为处理对象,研究DO、C/N等因素对同步硝化反硝化脱氮效率的影响。研究表明:采用连续曝气工艺,在进水COD=200mg/L,NH4+-N=30mg/L条件下,控制DO在0.5～1.5mg/L范围内时,出水TN浓度为1.98～6.3mg/L,TN的平均去除率在80%以上,最高去除率达到93.74%,并可推断出在反应系统内存在好氧反硝化菌;C/N在3.3～10之间时,C/N越高,出水NO3--N浓度越低,SND效果越好。