湿法烟气脱硫专家帮助和故障诊断系统的开发

介绍了专家系统在火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统中的作用,利用ACCESS建立了湿法烟气脱硫专家系统的知识库;以Visual Basic 6.0语言为开发工具,对湿法烟气脱硫专家系统软件进行了开发,该软件具有专家帮助功能、故障诊断功能、工艺仿真功能、知识库管理功能等。     

广州市主要污染物总量减排环境绩效评价

“十一五”期间,广州市主要污染物COD和SO2排放总量持续下降,经初步核算,2010年COD和S02排放量分别比2005年下降2．7万吨和6．5万吨,减排比例分别达到19．7％和43％,总量减排工作顺利完成。减排对环境改善明显,珠江广州河段主要污染指标浓度值均有所下降,COD年均浓度从2005的20．7毫克／升下降至2010年的13．6毫克／升,下降幅度达34．3％,整体水环境质量得到根本好转;空气环境质量优良率逐年上升,大气主要污染指标年均浓度值基本呈现逐年下降的态势,SO2从2005年年平均浓度为0．053毫克／立方米下降至2010年的0．033毫克／立方米,下降幅度达37．7％,空气质量持续得到好转。     

横坡与顺坡垄作径流氮磷输出及其富营养化风险对比研究

以沂蒙山区典型的坡耕地为例,通过2种雨强(40 mm·h-1和70 mm·h-1)下的野外原位模拟降雨试验,分析了横坡与顺坡垄作地表径流溶解态无机氮Inorganic-N(NO3--N、NH4+-N)以及溶解态磷(DP)的输出特征,并利用Inorganic-N/DP、NO3--N/DP和NH4+-N/DP等3种氮磷比对...     

电子废弃物的分类建议

电子废弃物的分类对于环境管理而言至关重要,发达国家依据自己的国情出台了电子废弃物分类细则。中国目前对于电子废弃物的详细分类还未出台相关的法律法规,本文针对中国电子废弃物回收处理系统提出全程管理分类模式。     

沂蒙山区不同覆被棕壤理化特征对径流溶解态氮磷输出的影响

以沂蒙山区的棕壤为例,利用野外原位模拟降雨试验,在分析荒草地、侧柏林、金银花、山楂园和花生地等5种典型覆被下棕壤坡地径流溶解态氮(DN)、磷(DP)输出特征的基础上,探讨了不同土地覆被类型下棕壤主要理化性质差异对径流DN、DP输出的影响.结果表明,在降雨强度(70 mm·h-1)、地形和植被覆盖度等条件较为一致的情况下...     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

Cationic content effects of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants on the flocculation properties

A series of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan, denoted as CMC-CTA) with different substitution degrees of CTA were prepared successfully. The content of carboxymethyl groups in each CMC-CTA sample was kept almost constant. The solubility of the various flocculants showed that, higher cationic content of flocculants caused a better solubility. The flocculation experiments using kaolin suspension as synthetic water at the laboratory scale indicated that the substitution degree of CTA was one of the key factors for the flocculation properties. With the increase of cationic content, the flocculants were demonstrated better flocculation performance and lower dosage requirement. Flocculation kinetics model of particles collisions combining zeta potential and turbidity measurements was employed to investigate the effects of the cationic content of the flocculants on the flocculation properties from the viewpoint of flocculation mechanism in detail. Furthermore, flocculation performance using raw water from Zhenjiang part of Yangtze River at the pilot scale showed the similar effects to those at the laboratory scale.     

水力负荷及固相碳源对BAF+多级土壤渗滤组合工艺处理污水的影响研究

碳源的选择及曝气量的控制是影响多级土壤渗滤系统(multi-soil-laying,即MSL)脱氮效果的重要因素.试验采用BAF+MSL两段式新型组合工艺,避免了传统MSL曝气过量抑制反硝化脱氮的风险.考察了不同水力负荷下,BAF+MSL对生活污水的净化效果,并比较研究了以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)为反硝化碳源的MSL-1及木屑为碳源的MSL-2的脱氮除磷效果.结果表明,不同水力负荷下,系统对SS平均去除率为94.08%,对COD的去除率均在80%以上,出水COD在20mg·L-1以下.水力负荷对系统BAF段硝化性能影响较小,对MSL反硝化脱氮影响较大.BAF水力负荷为0.5、1及2m·3m-·2d-1时,BAF对NH4+-N的去除率均在90%以上,对TN的平均去除率依次为26.53%、11.09%、5.71%;对应MSL段水力负荷分别为0.25、0.50及1m·3m-·2d-1时,MSL-1对TN平均去除率分别为87.39%、65.09%、45.56%,MSL-2平均去除率依次为61.51%、42.52%、31.32%.MSL-1脱氮性能明显优于MSL-2,而两者除磷效果区别较小.随着水力负荷增大,MSL对TP去除率依次降低,MSL-1对TP平均去除率最高为91.97%.     

生活垃圾焚烧处理技术现状及发展建议

综述了国内外城市生活垃圾的焚烧处理技术现状和发展趋势,介绍了世界垃圾焚烧厂的分布,对德国、日本、美国的焚烧处理状况作了统计和说明,同时分析了生活垃圾焚烧处理与环境保护的关系,最后提出了我国生活垃圾焚烧处理技术发展建议。     

离心风机辐射噪声的降噪量预测

本文运用LMS Testlab软件对某风机现场工作时的噪声进行了测试分析,得出风机工作时的噪声频谱特征;运用LMS TestLab Sound Diagnosis模块的声诊断技术对采集到的风机实时信号进行了降噪量预测,为后期的噪声治理提供依据。避免了噪声治理的盲目性,更经济合理。