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961.
在经济增长放缓,市场中高端需求扩大,但有效供给不足的形势下,国家推行供给侧结构性改革,以期调整产业结构,提高生产率.对于具有政策驱动性特点的环保产业,此轮改革既是机遇也是挑战.环保产业的供给侧结构性改革,对于科技、资本、人才、信息和创新等高级要素的投入提出了新的要求.同时,公众对环境保护的需求又会倒逼供给侧结构性改革的推行.文中介绍了供给侧结构性改革的内涵和必要性,阐述了环保约束对供给侧结构性改革的影响和供给侧结构性改革对环保领域的影响,旨在为环保产业在新常态下的大力发展提供借鉴. 相似文献
962.
改进生境等价分析法(habitat equivalency analysis,HEA),推导HEA在填海应用中生态服务受损量与补偿量评估公式。以1990年与2004年罗源湾生态服务水平为基础,假定受损生境自然恢复所需时间为10 a,于2013年采取种植海草床方式进行修复,修复生境达到最大服务所需时间为3 a,计算罗源湾填海生态服务总受损量、修复生境单位面积补偿量及修复规模。结果表明:初级生产力、生物资源和环境容量的受损程度分别为30.73%、61.94%和54.36%,在3%的贴现率水平下,所需海草床面积为109.79 km2,且指标受损程度与修复规模呈正相关关系。参数灵敏度分析表明,补偿起始点越早,修复生境达到最大服务水平所需时间越短,所需修复规模越小;贴现率的选择对修复规模影响显著。这一结论可作为地方政府对罗源湾填海实施生态修复建设和生态补偿管理的技术依据,亦可为其他海洋生态损害评估提供参考。 相似文献
963.
珠江口冬春季悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模式分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用珠江口2014年2月和2014年5月的高光谱遥感反射率和实测悬浮泥沙质量浓度数据进行了两波段悬浮泥沙遥感反演模式的研究。通过分析和对比发现,冬季2月悬浮泥沙质量浓度和光谱遥感反射率相关性较低(R2=0.422),春季5月二者相关性较好R2=0.693。由于5月为珠江口丰水期,径流量增大,携带泥沙能力增强,存在因上升流引起的泥沙再悬浮现象。另外,丰水期存在咸淡水锋面和锋区附近的盐度梯度也导致悬浮泥沙质量浓度增大。悬浮泥沙质量浓度高,对光敏感,建立模式好。而2月珠江口为冬季枯水期,珠江口伶仃洋海域悬浮泥沙主要来自径流,径流量小,含沙量少,模式较5月差。 相似文献
964.
Kate Smith Shuming Liu Yi Liu Dragan Savic Gustaf Olsson Tian Chang Xue Wu 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(8):1213-1233
To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and help mitigate climate change, urban water systems need to be adapted so that electrical energy use is minimised. In this study, energy data from 2011 was used to quantify energy use in China’s urban water supply sector. The objective was to calculate the energy co-benefits of urban water conservation policies and compare energy use between China and other countries. The study investigated influencing factors with the aim of informing the development of energy efficient urban water infrastructure. The average energy use per cubic metre and per capita for urban water supply in China in 2011 was 0.29 kWh/m3 and 33.2 kWh/cap year, respectively. Total GHG emissions associated with energy use in the urban water supply sector were 7.63 MtCO2e, or carbon dioxide equivalent. Calculations using these indicators showed significant energy savings could result from water conservation measures. A comparison between provinces of China showed a direct correlation between energy intensity of urban water supply and the population served per unit length of pipe. This may imply energy and emission intensity can be reduced if more densely populated areas are supplied by a corresponding pipe density, rather than by a low-density network operating at higher flow rates. This study also found that while the percentage of electrical energy used for urban water supply tended to increase with the percentage of population served, this increase was slower where water supply was more energy efficient and where a larger percentage of population was already supplied. 相似文献
965.
Lin Zhou Gui Fu Yujingyang Xue 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):329-340
Human and organizational factors have been proven to be the prime causes of Chinese hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs). A modified version of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), namely the HFACS-Hazardous Chemicals (HC), was developed to identify the human factors involved in Chinese HCAs. The ‘8.12’ Tianjin Port fire and explosion, the costliest HCA in recent years, was reanalyzed using this framework, and the results were compared with the official accident inquiry report to determine their differences related to the identification of human and organizational factors. The study revealed that interacting human factors from different levels in Ruihai Company led to this catastrophe, and the inquiry report had limitations in the identification of human factors and the guidance for similar accident prevention. This study showed the applicability of the HFACS-HC in HCA analyses as well as the necessity to recommend this approach for future HCA investigations. 相似文献
966.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the largest developing country in the world, China has witnessed fast-paced urbanization over the past three decades with rapid economic growth. In... 相似文献
967.
Hui Wang Fa Yuan Wang Zhi Qiang Wei Hong Ying Hu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):157-167
A total of 11 sediment samples were collected from the sites along Haihe River?CBohai Bay, with site 1 at the beginning of Haihe River and site 11 in Bohai Bay, about 150 km away from site 1. Quinone profiles were used for the analysis of microbial community as influenced by pollutants in water and sediments, such as heavy metals, and other environmental factors. Nineteen species of quinones were found at site 1 while only six species at sites 10 and 11. Both the diversity of quinone species (DQ) and the number of quinones were higher in the sediments from Haihe River and the near-sea area of Bohai Bay than in those from the deep-sea area. The ?? diversity values were significantly higher, while Jaccard indexes of similarity were much lower among non-contiguous pairs of sites as compared with the contiguous ones. Cluster analysis indicated that quinone profiles may be grouped into two main clusters (sites 1?C7 and sites 8?C11), and there were higher similarities within the groups than between groups. Quinone species composition varied at different sites. Ubiquinones such as UQ-8, UQ-9, and UQ-10 and menaquinones such as MK-6, MK-7, MK-8 were isolated from all the sites and accounted for the largest proportions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that both the number of quinone species and DQ correlated positively with total organic carbon contents in water and sediments, but negatively correlated with salinity and electroconductivity and did not correlate significantly with heavy metal contents in water. 相似文献
968.
Effectiveness of protected areas for vertebrates based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity
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Qing Quan Xianli Che Yongjie Wu Yuchun Wu Qiang Zhang Min Zhang Fasheng Zou 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):355-365
Establishing protected areas is the primary goal and tool for preventing irreversible biodiversity loss. However, the effectiveness of protected areas that target specific species has been questioned for some time because targeting key species for conservation may impair the integral regional pool of species diversity and phylogenetic and functional diversity are seldom considered. We assessed the efficacy of protected areas in China for the conservation of phylogenetic diversity based on the ranges and phylogenies of 2279 terrestrial vertebrates. Phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity were strongly and positively correlated, and only 12.1–43.8% of priority conservation areas are currently protected. However, the patterns and coverage of phylogenetic diversity were affected when weighted by species richness. These results indicated that in China, protected areas targeting high species richness protected phylogenetic diversity well overall but failed to do so in some regions with more unique or threatened communities (e.g., coastal areas of eastern China, where severely threatened avian communities were less protected). Our results suggest that the current distribution of protected areas could be improved, although most protected areas protect both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. 相似文献
969.
Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yong Zhong Su Xue Fen Wang Rong Yang Jaehoon Lee 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(11):2109-2116
The rehabilitation of sandy desertified land in semi-arid and arid regions has a great potential to increase carbon sequestration and improve soil quality. Our objective was to investigate the changes in the soil carbon pool and soil properties of surface soil (0–15 cm) under different types of rehabilitation management. Our study was done in the short-term (7 years) and long-term (32 years) desertification control sites in a marginal oasis of northwest China. The different management treatments were: (1) untreated shifting sand land as control; (2) sand-fixing shrubs with straw checkerboards; (3) poplar (Populus gansuensis) shelter forest; and (4) irrigated cropland after leveling sand dune. The results showed that the rehabilitation of severe sandy desertified land resulted in significant increases in soil organic C (SOC), inorganic C, and total N concentrations, as well as enhanced soil aggregation. Over a 7-year period of revegetation and cultivation, SOC concentration in the recovered shrub land, forest land and irrigated cropland increased by 4.1, 14.6 and 11.9 times compared to the control site (shifting sand land), and increased by 11.2, 17.0 and 23.0 times over the 32-year recovery period. Total N, labile C (KMnO4–oxidation C), C management index (CMI) and inorganic C (CaCO3–C) showed a similar increasing trend as SOC. The increased soil C and N was positively related to the accumulation of fine particle fractions. The accumulation of silt and clay, soil C and CaCO3 enhanced the formation of aggregates, which was beneficial to mitigate wind erosion. The percentage of >0.25 mm dry aggregates increased from 18.0% in the control site to 20.0–87.2% in the recovery sites, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates significantly increased, with a range of 0.09–0.30 mm at the recovery sites. Long-term irrigation and fertilization led to a greater soil C and N accumulation in cropland than in shrub and forest lands. The amount of soil C sequestration reached up to 1.8–9.4 and 7.5–17.3 Mg ha?1 at the 0–15 cm layer over a 7- and 32-year rehabilitation period compared to the control site, suggesting that desertification control has a great potential for sequestering soil C and improving soil quality in northwest China. 相似文献
970.
Environmentally friendly green composites were prepared by blending Wheat gluten (WG) as matrix, dialdehyde starch (DAS) as
filler and glycerol as plasticizer followed by compression molding of the mixture at 110 °C. The properties of the WG/DAS
composite are compared with those of the WG/native wheat starch (NWS) composites. While tensile strength and strain at break
decrease with increasing NWS content in the WG/NWS composites, a small content of DAS could improve tensile strength and strain
at break simultaneously in the WG/DAS composites. The WG/DAS composites exhibit reduced moisture absorption in comparison
with the WG/NEW composites. Formation of chemical bonding between DAS and WG is beneficial for the dispersion of DAS in the
WG matrix and WG/DAS composites exhibit improved mechanical properties and reduced moisture absorption over the WG/NWS composites. 相似文献