Preparation of hapten-specific monoclonal antibody for cadmium and its ELISA application to aqueous samples

High-affinity and specific monoclonal antibodies against cadmium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex have been produced using the hybridoma technique. A hapten was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Vis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative detection of cadmium in aqueous sample was developed. The monoclonal antibody with high level of binding affinity for Cd-IEDTA-BSA and high specificity for soluble Cd-EDTA complex showed less than 0.99% cross-reactivity with other 11 metals. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg·L⁻¹, and the effective linear range was 10⁻¹–10³ μg·L⁻¹. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variations were 1.5%–6.3% and 3.2%–7.4%, respectively. The spike recovery in different water samples were between 98.5% and 110.3%. The detection limit of this assay was well below the allowable concentration of cadmium (3 μg·L⁻¹), and the working range was wider than that of other methods which showed the range of 2.19–86.38 and 0–10³ μg·L⁻¹. The competitive ELISA established in this paper was sensitive and accurate in the screening of cadmium in aqueous samples. The results will lay a solid foundation for construction of an immunoassay kit for cadmium.     

多目标优化方法在城市污水厂汇水区污染源总量控制规划中的应用

在城市污水处理厂汇水区实行污染源总量控制,应该避免与城市污水处理厂重复治理.针对这个问题,提出难降解有机物控制的多目标准则指标,建立了多目标优化模型.     

“氧化镁/活性炭”新型吸附剂的制备及其对Cr(VI)的吸附研究

以氯化镁和造纸草浆黑液为原料,采用物理活化法制得“氧化镁/活性炭”新型吸附剂,其比表面积（BET）为388.96 m²/g、总孔容积为0.40 mL/g。测定了这种吸附剂对水中Cr(VI)的吸附性能,考察了吸附时间、pH值、吸附剂投加量、初始浓度等因素对Cr(VI)的吸附量和脱除率的影响,研究所得吸附水溶液中Cr(VI)的最佳条件为：吸附时间为120 min,吸附剂投加量为2 g/L,pH值为2。“氧化镁/活性炭”新型吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温式。     

液化石油气火灾爆炸环境风险后果影响分析研究

研究以液化石油气火灾/爆炸事故为对象,通过TNT当量系数法和BLEVE火球热辐射模型法计算分析,结果表明：（1）火灾爆炸事故的危害后果一般随距离增加而降低;（2）沸腾液体扩展蒸汽云爆炸（BLEVE）的事故后果比蒸汽云爆炸（VCE）严重;（3）危险物质泄漏引发的火灾爆炸事故的环境风险后果计算可以采用这两种方法,同时其计算结果能为环境突发事件应急管理和决策提供基础数据.     

石龙芮与酸模处理生活污水实验研究

运用无土栽培技术,通过石龙芮和酸模对生活污水的降解实验,对两种植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了实验分析。实验表明两种植物对污水中的营养元素都具有较好的去除,N、P元素的最终去除率都能达到80％,石龙芮对COD的去除达到45％左右,而酸模对COD的去除可达50％。相对于单一植物系统来说,石龙芮一酸模复合植物系统可对生活污水中的P元素和COD的去除更高。研究表明石龙芮和酸模都可以作为人工湿地植物,用来处理生活污水,而两种植物都具有耐寒性,可以提高人工湿地在冬季的运行效率。     

预应力混凝土结构设计可靠度刍议

预应力混凝土结构是我国土木、水利和交通工程中应用最广泛和最具潜力的一种结构。笔者就新公布的《混凝土结构设计规范》GB5 0 0 10— 2 0 0 2与原规范GBJ10— 1989关于预应力混凝土结构设计可靠度内容所作的重大调整以及部分更新进行了探讨。对新规范GB5 0 0 10— 2 0 0 2的学习、理解和贯彻执行有一定指导作用。     

Distribution,transfer, and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil-wheat systems of Henan Province,a typical agriculture province of China

In order to investigate the distribution, transfer, and human health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil-wheat systems, soil samples from 20 farmlands and corresponding wheat tissues were collected from selected regions of Henan Province in June 2013 and were analyzed to estimate the concentration of PAHs. The total concentrations of 15 PAHs (∑₁₅ PAHs) in soils from Henan Province varied from 6.91 to 72.4 ng/g. Moreover, two-ring to three-ring PAHs (1.59–29.1 ng/g) were the major species in soils, occupying 56.2% of total PAHs. Principal component analysis (PCA)-multiple linear regression (MLR) revealed that fossil fuel burning dominated the input of PAHs in agricultural soils of Henan Province. The range of ∑₁₅ PAHs concentrations in wheat tissues was 13.9–50.9 ng/g, which decreased along the root-straw-grain. Positive correlation among PAHs of soil and wheat tissues showed that PAHs in wheat mainly came from soil and then migrated along root-straw-grain. Moreover, PAHs were accumulated highest in root and lowest in grain. Two-ring to three-ring PAHs were easier to transfer from soil to wheat than five-ring to six-ring PAHs. Consumption of wheat grain created potential risk of cancer in Henan Province.

     

在氧化沟中构建微生物燃料电池

在氧化沟中构建了微生物燃料电池,经测定微生物燃料电池电压为0.24～0.39 V,均值为0.29 V.经计算该微生物燃料电池的产电功率为0.05～0.15 mW,均值为0.08 mW.构建了微生物燃料电池的氧化沟COD去除率为75％～ 90％,TN去除率为5％～38％;无微生物燃料电池的氧化沟COD去除率为77％～89％,TN去除率为5％～23％.构建微生物燃料电池后能减少氧化沟内外沟中污泥的增加量,约减少15％.     

一种新型的带放大器的压杆式压电压力传感器及其在爆炸测试技术中的应用

介绍了一种新型带放大器的压杆式压电压力传感器。该传感器采用压电陶瓷作为敏感元件;为提高其响应速率,采用带声吸收杆式的结构;并充分考虑到测试专用设备的特殊构造,放置放大器及电池的需要,采用了特殊的外观及内腔结构;为提高传感器及其测试系统的响应速率,采用具有高输入阻抗及５０Ω输出阻抗的电压放大器,同时也采用ＳＹＶ－ ５０－ ７－ １较粗的射频传输电缆,减少了爆炸与冲击模拟信号的传输畸变。该传感器经过爆炸洞及爆炸罐压力测试的反复试验,证明性能的确优异     

Enhanced bioaccumulation of cadmium in carp in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

In this study adsorption of Cd onto TiO2 nanoparticles and natural sediment particles (SP) were studied and the facilitated transports of Cd into carp by TiO2 nanoparticles and SP were assessed by bioaccumulation tests exposing carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Cd contaminated water in the presence of TiO2 and SP respectively. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles had a significantly stronger adsorption capacity for Cd than SP. The presence of SP did not have significant influence on the accumulation of Cd in carp during the 25 d of exposure. However, the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles greatly enhanced the accumulation of Cd in carp. After 25 d of exposure Cd concentration in carp increased by 146%, and the value was 22.3 and 9.07 microg/g, respectively. And there is a positive correlation between Cd and TiO2 concentration. Considerable Cd and TiO2 accumulated in viscera and gills of the fish.