Gasification characteristics of MSW and an ANN prediction model

Gasification characteristics make up the important parts of municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification and melting technology. These characteristics are closely related to the composition of MSW, which alters with climates and seasons. It is important to find a practical way to predict gasification characteristics. In this paper, five typical kinds of organic components (wood, paper, kitchen garbage, plastic, and textile) and three representative types of simulated MSW are gasified in a fluidized-bed at 400-800 degrees C with the equivalence ratio (ER) in the range of 0.2-0.6. The lower heating value (LHV) of gas, gasification products, and gas yield are reported. The results indicate that gasification characteristics are different from sample to sample. Based on the experimental data, an artificial neural networks (ANN) model is developed to predict gasification characteristics. The training and validating relative errors are within +/-15% and +/-20%, respectively, and predicting relative errors of an industrial sample are below +/-25%. This indicates that it is acceptable to predict gasification characteristics via ANN model.     

Effects of sediment composition on inorganic mercury partitioning, speciation and bioavailability in oxic surficial sediments

Artificially prepared sediments were used to assess the effects of sediment composition on inorganic Hg partitioning, speciation and bioavailability. Organic coating in sediment greatly increased the Hg partitioning and the amount of bioavailable Hg bound with the clay and the Fe and Mn oxides, but had little effect on that bound with the quartz and calcium carbonate as a result of weaker binding of humic acids and fulvic acids. The clay content increased the concentration of Hg in the sediments but inhibited the gut juice extraction due to the strong binding of Hg-organic matter (OM) complexes. Most Hg in the sediments was complexed by OM (mainly distributed in the organo-complexed phase and the strongly complexed phase), and the Hg-OM complexes (especially Hg in the strongly complexed phase) in sediments contributed much to gut juice extraction. Redistribution of Hg-OM complexes between sediments and gut juices may occur during gut juice extraction and modify Hg bioavailability and speciation in sediments.     

Research on Psychological Carrying Capacity of Tourism Destination

As a part of the carrying capacity system of tourism destination, tourism psychological carrying capacity and its makeup are very important indexes which reflect the harmonious development of tourism destination develops harmoniously, but the academy has not paid enough attention to them. Based on the concept and connotation of psychological carrying capacity, this paper explains the influencing factors which affect the psychological capacity of the tourist and the resident after the acknowledged concept, and then designs a harmonious development model of tourism destination. Finally, it offers some countermeasures against the overloading psychological capacity.     

填料床处理污染河水的冬季运行特性

对冬季填料床处理滇池流域污染河水进行了试验研究。结果表明：通过相关性分析可知,在2～6℃时,废砖块中微生物活性较低,温度回升后,微生物活性也随之增强;2～12℃时,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合生物量高,耗氧速率大且较为稳定,COD去除率保持在50%左右。降温期（5～12℃）时,废砖块对TN、NH⁺₄-N和DTP去除率最高,平均可达64.5%、64.7%和69.7%;低温期（2～6℃）时,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合对NH⁺₄-N、TN的去除率能达到56.4%～75.1%、56.5%～63.0%,大石子/小石子/煤渣组合削减DTP负荷量达到了2.1 g/(m²·d)。废砖块和大石子/小石子/煤渣组合分别适合在低负荷和高负荷下运行。综上所述,在整个试验过程中（2～12℃）,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合表现出了对COD、N和DTP去除率相对稳定的特征,是冬季处理滇池流域污染河水的适宜填料。     

生物沥浸法去除猪粪中重金属的研究

探讨以猪粪为培养介质,驯化和加富培养获得硫细菌混合菌液,并研究其对猪粪中重金属的生物沥浸效果。结果表明：猪粪可以在18 d内完成驯化,经3轮富集培养的猪粪粪液可作为硫细菌接种菌液。采用此菌液对猪粪粪液接种并投加硫粉,经过9 d的生物沥浸,Cu、Zn和Cd的沥出率分别达到93.0%、90.1%和67.8%。     

Life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste

This work analyzes a process known as flash pyrolysis, which produces bio fuels using biomass for power generation. A life-cycle assessment of flash pyrolysis of wood waste was conducted to study whether a flash pyrolysis plant set up locally would be environmentally friendly. The results obtained show that the process of flash pyrolysis of wood waste is in fact environmentally friendly, and the process has little contribution to the environment. However, efforts still have to be made to address the global warming potential issue. Continuous research and developments must be carried out to further reduce the global warming potential of the flash pyrolysis.     

城市环境风险评价——基于113个环境保护重点城市分析

基于2014年113个环境保护重点城市的环境风险源和环境风险受体数据,构建环境风险评价指标体系,采用因子分析和聚类分析,对案例城市进行环境风险水平评价和环境风险类型分类。结果显示,从环境风险空间分布角度,东部城市环境风险水平两极化严重,主要影响因素是污染物排放水平的差异;西部城市环境风险处于中等偏高水平;中部城市环境风险处于中等水平;东北城市环境风险偏高,需要尽快转变经济发展结构。根据环境风险类型分布,识别出6类环境风险管理重点城市及其风险管理重点方向。资源型城市和一线城市环境风险管理的重点是污染治理,经济发展相对落后城市环境风险管理的重点是风险抵御,其余城市需要进行环境风险综合预防和管理。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化的研究

采用常规的细菌分离纯化方法从土壤中分离出絮凝剂产生菌菌株,经过驯化培养后,以发酵液对高岭土混悬液的絮凝效果为指标,筛选出2株高效絮凝剂产生菌.采用单因素试验方法和正交试验设计方法,分析了影响絮凝效果的主要因素,对2个菌株的最佳培养条件进行了优化研究.结果表明:菌株S3产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是碳源为葡萄糖(20g/L),氮源为酵母膏(2.5 g/L),培养温度为28℃,初始pH值为8,通气量为50 r/min;菌株S21产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是乙醇(15 g/L),氮源为复合氮源(酵母膏 脲 硫酸铵)(1.6 g/L),培养温度为28℃,初始pH值为9,通气量为200r/min.     

用稻草和含碱废液制取黄原酸酯并处理含铜废水

以稻草和金属铬生产中产生的氢氧化铬反应废液为主要原料制备黄原酸酯,并用来处理模拟的含铜废水和湘潭电缆厂实际的含铜废水。试验考察了废水的ｐＨ值、铜的初始浓度及酯的用量对铜脱除率的影响。含铜20mg/L。的废水经处理后,Cu²⁺浓度可降至0.05mg/L。以下。     

Characterization of Waste Printed Circuit Boards Nonmetals and its Reutilization as Reinforcing Filler in Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) nonmetals were firstly recycled as reinforcing filler in a kind of novel room temperature cured unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. The compositions and characteristics of WPCB nonmetals were detailly analyzed by SEM, FTIR, TGA and Py-GCMS, and the effects of the content of WPCB nonmetals on the mechanical performance and thermal behaviors of UPE composites were also systematically studied. Results suggested that UPE composites incorporated with WPCB nonmetals at appropriate content showed superior tensile strength, flexural strength and heat distortion temperature than UPE matrix. Based on the analysis of thermal degradation kinetic, the thermal stability of UPE composites were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of WPCB nonmetals. The highlight of this work lies in the fact that high-valued utilization of WPCB nonmetals is realized in room temperature cured UPE matrix, which may not only achieve favorable economic and social benefits, but also open up new opportunities for the preparation of high performance plastic composites.