近场地震作用下框架结构的损伤机理

首先讨论了近场地面运动的特征及各种抗震规范对近场地震的设防，然后采用非线性时程分析方法，对一个10层框架结构在近场地震作用下的响应特性进行了研究。同时对该框架结构进行了Pushover分析，通过与非线性时程分析结果进行对比，说明Pushover分析方法不能正确评估结构在近场地震作用下的抗震性能。     

起重机械超速保护开关检测装置设计及应用

针对起重机械超速保护开关定期检验无定量检测手段的问题,设计了一种超速保护开关检测装置。该装置由测试台、安装架和测控系统组成。超速保护开关固定在安装架上,通过联接器与变频电动机联接并同步旋转。测控系统通过微处理器处理超速保护开关转速信号和触头动作信号,实现对其整定值的检测。试验表明,该检测装置可以准确测定超速保护开关整定值,为检验人员判定超速保护开关合格性提供定量标准。     

Investigation of Child Restraint System (CRS) Compatibility in the Vehicle Seat Environment

Objective: Child restraint system (CRS) misuse is common and can have serious consequences to child safety. Physical incompatibilities between CRS and vehicles can complicate the installation process and may worsen CRS misuse rates. This study aims to identify the most common sources of incompatibility between representative groups of CRS and vehicles.

Methods: Detailed dimensional data were collected from 59 currently marketed CRS and 61 late model vehicles. Key dimensions were compared across all 3,599 theoretical CRS/vehicle combinations and the most common predicted incompatibilities were determined. A subset of 34 physical installations was analyzed to validate the results.

Results: Only 58.2% of rear-facing (RF) CRS/vehicle combinations were predicted to have proper agreement between the vehicle's seat pan angle and the CRS manufacturers’ required base angle. The width of the base of the CRS was predicted to fit snugly between the vehicle's seat pan bolsters in 63.3% of RF CRS/vehicle combinations and 62.2% of forward-facing (FF) CRS/vehicle combinations. FF CRS were predicted to be free of interaction with the vehicle's head restraint in 66.4% of combinations. Roughly 90.0% of RF CRS/vehicle combinations were predicted to have enough horizontal clearance space to set the front seat in the middle its fore/aft slider track. Compatibility rates were above 98% regarding the length of the CRS base compared to the length of the vehicle seat pan and the ability of the top tether to reach the tether anchor. Validation studies revealed that the predictions of RF CRS base angle range vs. seat pan angle compatibility were accurate within 6%, and head restraint interference and front row clearance incompatibilities may be more common than the dimensional analysis approach has predicted.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that RF CRS base angles and front row clearance space, as well as FF CRS head restraint interference, are frequent compatibility concerns. These results enable manufacturers, researchers, and consumers to focus their attention on the most relevant CRS/vehicle incompatibility issues in today's market.     

防弹材料保护套现状及性能测试分析

本文介绍了现代软质防弹材料发展历程及种类,简述了防弹材料防水布使用的作用与目的 ,研究比较了PU、PVC两种涂层的防水布材料的撕破强力、热合牢度、耐静水压、渗水等性能,最终得出使用PU涂层防水布可成为软质防弹材料保护外套的结论。     

含汞气田污水脱汞新技术

国内气田含汞污水处理主要采用硫化物沉淀法,辅以水处理絮凝剂增加沉淀效果。国外研究了一些含汞污水脱汞新工艺:沉淀一絮凝法、活性炭吸附法、离子交换法等,组合使用效果更佳,可脱除单质汞、离子汞和有机汞,脱汞深度可达1.0×10~(-9)mg/L级。借鉴国外含汞气田污水处理工艺,研究经济高效的脱汞工艺,减少汞污染,对我国含汞气田的合理开发具有重要的现实意义。     

基于模糊数学方法的矿区空气质量综合评价

以泰和矿为研究背景,采用模糊综合评价的数学方法,分析了二氧化碳,二氧化氮、总悬浮物颗粒TSP、可吸入颗粒物PM₁₀和一氧化碳对矿区空气质量的影响,得出每个影响因素的权重和隶属度。研究发现,CO和TSP对矿区空气质量影响较大,NO₂较小,矿区空气质量综合评价属轻污染。     

Diurnal and spatial variations of soil NOx fluxes in the northern steppe of China

NO_x emissions from biogenic sources in soils play a significant role in the gaseous loss of soil nitrogen and consequent changes in tropospheric chemistry. In order to investigate the characteristics of NO_x fluxes and factors influencing these fluxes in degraded sandy grasslands in northern China, diurnal and spatial variations of NO_x fluxes were measured in situ. A dynamic flux chamber method was used at eight sites with various vegetation coverages and soil types in the northern steppe of China in the summer season of 2010. Fluxes of NO_x from soils with plant covers were generally higher than those in the corresponding bare vegetation-free soils, indicating that the canopy plays an important role in the exchange of NO_x between soil and air. The fluxes of NO_x increased in the daytime, and decreased during the nighttime, with peak emissions occurring between 12:00 and 14:00. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the diurnal variation of NO_x fluxes was positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.05) and negatively with soil moisture content (P < 0.05). Based on measurement over a season, the overall variation in NO_x flux was lower than that of soil nitrogen contents, suggesting that the gaseous loss of N fromthe grasslands of northern China was not a significant contributor to the high C/N in the northern steppe of China. The concentration of NO_x emitted from soils in the region did not exceed the 1-hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard (0.25 mg/m³).     

Do vehicular emissions dominate the source of C6–C8 aromatics in the megacity Shanghai of eastern China?

The characteristic ratios of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to i-pentane, the indicator of vehicular emissions, were employed to apportion the vehicular and non-vehicular contributions to reactive species in urban Shanghai. Two kinds of tunnel experiments, one tunnel with more than 90% light duty gasoline vehicles and the other with more than 60% light duty diesel vehicles, were carried out to study the characteristic ratios of vehicle-related emissions from December 2009 to January 2010. Based on the experiments, the characteristic ratios of C6–C8aromatics to i-pentane of vehicular emissions were 0.53 ± 0.08(benzene), 0.70 ± 0.12(toluene),0.41 ± 0.09(m,p-xylenes), 0.16 ± 0.04(o-xylene), 0.023 ± 0.011(styrene), and 0.15 ± 0.02(ethylbenzene), respectively. The source apportionment results showed that around 23.3% of C6–C8 aromatics in urban Shanghai were from vehicular emissions, which meant that the non-vehicular emissions had more importance. These findings suggested that emission control of non-vehicular sources, i.e. industrial emissions, should also receive attention in addition to the control of vehicle-related emissions in Shanghai. The chemical removal of VOCs during the transport from emissions to the receptor site had a large impact on the apportionment results. Generally, the overestimation of vehicular contributions would occur when the VOC reaction rate constant with OH radicals(k OH) was larger than that of the vehicular indicator, while for species with smaller k OH than the vehicular indicator, the vehicular contribution would be underestimated by the method of characteristic ratios.     

3种酚酸对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制作用

采用外源添加方式,通过监测藻细胞数量变化,分析了香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸和焦性没食子酸对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制作用。结果表明,在32~256mg/L浓度范围内,随着浓度的增大,3种酚酸对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用明显增强。当浓度为192mg/L时,3种酚酸对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制率超过50%。香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸和焦性没食子酸对中肋骨条藻的半抑制浓度分别为153mg/L、145mg/L和108.0mg/L。进一步,研究发现3种酚酸的半抑制浓度作用下,藻细胞内叶绿素、蛋白质和多糖含量明显低于对照组,胞外蛋白质和胞外多糖含量没有明显差异,但二者比值与对照组相比,有明显的增大趋势。3种酚酸显著降低了藻细胞SOD和POD比活力,尤其是显著降低了POD比活力,使其比活力降低为对照组的18%~39%。香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸和焦性没食子酸均致使藻细胞MDA含量明显升高,其数值增大为对照组的1.6、2.2和2.4倍。上述研究表明,3种酚酸通过影响某些主要生化成分的合成及其活性的影响,从而实现对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制作用。