引滦水中不同形态天然有机物的卤代活性

用过滤、ＸＡＤ树脂吸附和阴离子树脂吸附等方法将引滦水中的天然有机物分离为悬浮态、憎水化合物、腐殖酸类化合物、非腐殖酸类阴离子化合物和其它亲水化合物。分别对不同形态有机物进行氯化处理，测定了产物中的挥发性卤代烃。结果表明，引滦水中天然有机物的主要氯化产物是氯仿和一溴二氯甲烷，此外还生成少量二溴一氯甲烷。悬浮态有机物和溶解态腐殖酸是生成氯仿的最重要母体，一溴二氯甲烷和二溴一氯甲烷则大多来源于溶解态腐殖     

若干典型岩性区域沉积物金属元素地球化学特征比较研究

研究了４种成片分布的典型岩性（页岩、石灰岩、花岗岩、黄土）区域沉积物金属元素（Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｌ等共１６种）总量与形态特征．结果表明：这４种岩性区域沉积物金属元素含量与形态均有显著的差别．与其它岩性相比，黄土地区易迁移元素含量高，而重金属含量显著较低；其金属元素残渣态含量高，而有机态、铁锰氧化物态和可交换态含量低．石灰岩地区重金属含量较高，而易迁移元素如Ｎａ，Ｓｒ等含量则较低；其重金属元素残渣态含量不偏低，表明经风化作用释放出来的重金属参与了次生矿物的形成过程而得以富集．花岗岩地区重金属含量居中，而Ｆｅ和Ａｌ含量较高；其金属元素残渣态含量不偏高则与风化作用较强有关．页岩地区元素含量与形态均居中，代表了各种岩性的平均水平．     

水库沉积物贫营养型好氧反硝化菌(Pseudomonas sp.)分离及其对微污染水体脱氮效率分析

为探究深水水库沉积物微生物功能特征及利用价值,于2019年在实验室对小湾水库表层沉积物微生物进行了驯化分离,并分析了其中一株细菌的脱氮效率.结果表明,分离出的细菌XW731经鉴定属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）,是一种贫营养型好氧反硝化菌;在分别以NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N为唯一氮源时,该菌对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N去除率分别为33.6%、68.5%和9.1%;以NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N为氮源时,对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为66.4%、89.6%,同步硝化反硝化能力更强.将该菌投加到两种城市微污染水体后测试表明,该菌对城市河道水体的NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为38.3%和42.4%,对城市降雨水体的NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为22.2%和7.7%.     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.     

环境资源禀赋视角下产业升级路径研究——以浙江为例

本研究以浙江省为例,立足环境资源禀赋的优势和不足,进行产业发展现状和环境资源禀赋的相容性分析,剖析产业发展存在的问题,探索新时期环境资源禀赋支撑产业升级的路径与模式,提出浙江省基于环境资源禀赋的产业发展原则和思路,要支持发展符合环境资源条件和顺应产业发展规律的优质产业,限制发展不符合环境资源条件的低端产业,建议重点发展知识技术密集型产业、海洋经济和临港产业、生态休闲养生产业、现代大农业,并积极推进传统产业转型发展.     

膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液研究综述

传统生物处理工艺对垃圾渗滤液,特别是老龄化垃圾渗滤液处理效果差,而膜生物反应器(MBR)在这方面显现出巨大优势。MBR通过截留微生物保持高生物量浓度,只需较短的水力停留时间,并可承受较大有机负荷率,能有效去除有机物及微污染物,对氨氮的去除率达90%以上。优化条件下,对老龄垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率达75%以上。虽然MBR性能稳定,但较短的水力停留时间和高浓度的氨氮对反应器有不良影响,并且较大的污泥龄也会降低反应器的性能。然而厌氧MBR和改进型活性炭粉末MBR在垃圾渗滤液的治理中表现出了巨大的潜力。     

流域氮素主要输出途径及变化特征

流域农业面源输出氮素是湖泊流域水体中氮的主要来源之一,对水环境安全造成了极大威胁.不同流域间地形、水文、植被覆盖等因子的差异及气象条件的变化,造成氮的输出途径具有流域异质性及时间变化特征.本研究以高原湖泊典型流域——凤羽河流域为例,基于2011-06~2013-05期间径流水量、水质高频监测数据,应用基流分割的方法,通过分析流域产流与氮素输出途径的季节性变化,探讨了流域氮素输出的主要途径及变化特征.结果表明,基流是高原湖泊流域水量输出的主要形式和总氮输出的主要途径;基流输出水量及总氮负荷分别占流域总输出水量的80. 0%和流域总氮输负荷的71. 1%;降雨显著增加了流域水量和总氮负荷的输出量,同时改变了总氮的输出途径;降雨导致地表径流量增加,进而使流域输出水量和总氮输出负荷中地表径流途径的比重升高;当地表径流占流域输出水量的比重约达40%以上时,流域总氮输出的主要途径由基流转变为地表径流;监测周期内,地表径流输出的总氮负荷占流域总输出负荷的比重最高达65. 6%.     

Long-term joint effect of nutrients and temperature increase on algal growth in Lake Taihu, China

To study how global warming and eutrophication affect water ecosystems, a multiplicative growth Monod model, modified by incorporating the Arrhenius equation, was applied to Lake Taihu to quantitatively study the relationships between algal biomass and both nutrients and temperature using long-term data. To qualitatively assess which factor was a limitation of the improved model, temperature variables were calculated using annual mean air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), and their average temperature (ST), while substrate variables were calculated using annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and their weighted aggregate (R), respectively. The nine fitted curves showed that TN and AT were two important factors influencing algal growth; AT limited growth as algal photosynthesis is mainly carried out near the water surface; N leakage of phytoplankton and internal phosphorus load from sediment explains why TN was the best predictor of peak biomass using the Monod model. The fitted results suggest that annual mean algal biomass increased by 0.145 times when annual mean AT increased by 1.0℃. Results also showed that the more eutrophic the lake, the greater the effect AT had on algal growth. Subsequently, the long-term joint effect of annual temperature increase and eutrophication to water ecosystems can be quantitatively assessed and predicted.     

Extraction of heavy metals from e-waste contaminated soils using EDDS

Environmental contamination due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities is drawing increasing attention in the world. Extraction of these metals with biodegradable chelant [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and the factors influencing extraction efficacy were investigated in the present study. Results showed that the addition of EDDS at low pH (5.5) produced higher metal extraction than that at high pH (8.0) solution. Metal speciation analysis indicated that Cu was completely complexed with EDDS at different pH conditions with various amounts of EDDS applied. For Pb and Zn, at low EDDS dose of 0.304 mol/kg soil, they were present as Pb- and Zn-EDDS. However, at high EDDS dose of 1.26 mol/kg soil, most of Pb was bound with dissolved organic matter. Ca and Al were found to be strong competitors for trace metals to EDDS at low application dose and low pH condition.     

西苕溪流域不同土地类型下磷素随暴雨径流的迁移特征

选择太湖上游西苕溪流域最具代表性的5种土地类型,利用野外人工降雨装置(3m²),模拟天然大暴雨(降雨强度2 nm·min^-1),研究了不同形态磷素随暴雨径流水相及沉积物相的迁移过程,对比了流域内不同土地利用/土地覆被条件下磷素的迁移特征并估算流失速率.3次平行实验结果表明,在相同的降雨条件下,地表径流中总磷的流失量桑林最大,高出水田和松林的5倍.地表径流水相中的悬浮颗粒态磷占水相总磷的绝大部分,溶解态磷的流失量菜地和桑林接近,高于松林,且远大于水田和竹林;地表径流水相溶解态磷主要以溶解态无机磷的形式流失,松林的流失量和流失速率远高于其他4种土地类型.各土地类型的地表径流沉积物相总磷流失量都随时间段的推移呈近似线性的下降趋势,桑林、菜地和竹林的流失量相对较大,松林最小.单位面积、表层10cm土壤的总磷流失量界于2.57～4.89g·m^-2.地表径流水相总磷流失速率为0.45～4.11mg·(m²·min)^-1,沉积物相高达72.82～135.96 mg·(m²·min)^-1,桑林流失速率最大,松林最小.