上海郊区稻田氮素流失研究

通过测坑和大田小区试验，研究了上海郊区稻田氮素排水流失和渗漏流失的特征、相关因素和流失负荷。结果表明，稻田综合排水TN为6.55mg／L，流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2，以铵态氮为主，稻田氮素的排水流失负荷为16．68kg／hm^2。稻田渗漏水氮浓度与前茬作物有关，草莓和蔬菜高，麦茬低，TN为5．73mg／L，渗漏负荷为22．92kg／hm^2，其中硝态氮占50％左右。稻田氮素总流失负荷占稻季化肥用量的13．23％。测坑和大田试验都证明，施用有机肥可较多地减少稻田氮素流失量。     

测定高锰酸盐指数考核样品时的计算方法修正

针对测定高锰酸盐指数考核样品时的结果偏高现象，经过查找，其原因是由于按公式计算没有考虑稀释用纯水的空白值响应。经修正公式后计算，其考核样品的结果则均为正确。     

新型湿式湍流除尘器及在电厂输煤系统中的应用

介绍了针对火电厂输煤系统作业环境粉尘治理而研制开发的新型湿式湍流除尘器的设计思路、设备结构、技术特点及在电厂输煤系统的应用情况.     

含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析（XRD）、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

大气扩散浓度估算在锅炉房烟囱高度计算中的应用

锅炉房的烟囱已从单纯的排气装置发展成为控制污染、保护环境的设备。因此烟囱高度的正确估算对于环境影响评价工作、建设单位都至关重要。结合唐山某城区集中供热锅炉房环境影响评价案例,利用大气扩散浓度公式估算锅炉房烟囱高度。在计算过程中,考虑了烟气流速及当地常年风向、风速、稳定度等污染气象特征,由正态分布模式导出的简化公式导出最大着地浓度与烟囱有效高度的平方成反比,从而计算出烟囱高度。另外还总结烟囱设计中应注意的一些问题,为建有锅炉房的建设项目环境影响评价工作提供参考。     

国内外雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用进展及发展现状

由于人口增加,城市化程度加快,水资源短缺日趋加剧,文章依据可持续发展理念,提出雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用,对指导城市供水、用水、节水、污水处理和水资源保护,促进城市水系统的良性循环有重要作用;指出它能充分发挥生产潜力,使资源最佳化,非常适合建设节约型城市,具有广阔的应用前景;并对国内外雨水、污水和中水在城市绿地系统中的应用方法及相关实例进行了综述,是环境保护中最具说服力的应用事例,旨在使人们形成节约资源、尊重自然的生态观念。     

Toxicity of trichlorotoluene isomers: a 28-day feeding study in the rat

Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed alpha,alpha,alpha-, alpha,2,6- or 2,3,6- trichlorotoluene (TCT) in their diet at 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm for 28 days. Growth rate and food consumption were not affected by treatment. No deaths occurred. Significant increases in liver weights were observed in male rats fed 5.0 and 500 ppm 2,3,6-TCT. Mild serum biochemical changes occurred in male rats. These included increased SDH activities in the groups fed 5.0 and 50 ppm alpha, alpha, alpha-TCT, and 5.0 ppm 2,3,6-TCT. Alpha, alpha, alpha-TCT at 500 ppm caused elevated LDH activities in male rats. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were increased in male rats fed 500 ppm alpha,2,6-TCT. Hematological parameters were not affected by treatment. Mild histological changes were seen in the liver, kidney and thyroid of treated rats. Data presented here suggest that alpha, alpha, alpha-, alpha,2,6- and 2,3,6-TCT possess a low order of oral toxicity in the rat.     

THE EFFECT OF ICE COVER ON VERTICAL TRANSFER IN STREAM CHANNELS1

ABSTRACT: The effect of ice cover on vertical transfer is examined based on the Reynolds' analogy and composite logarithmic velocity distributions. A finite difference scheme is used to predict concentration profiles in a two-dimensional channel. Comparisons made between the ice-covered condition and the ice-free condition show that considerable reduction in mixing capacity of the channel is caused by the ice cover.     

高压水射流冲击煤体损伤的数值模拟研究

为研究高压水射流破煤过程中煤体的损伤状态及压力的分布状态,论文采用J-H-C含损伤本构模型,水射流采用Bridgman状态方程,通过拉格朗日-欧拉有限元法模拟计算高压水射流冲击煤体的损伤机制,得出了煤体在高压水射流冲击作用下不同时刻的损伤变化情况。结果表明,煤体在高压水射流作用下,在接触点两边形成"肺叶状"负压力区,煤体所受压力逐渐减小;冲击速度和产生的损伤随时间变化逐渐减小,损伤主要集中于坑洞底部。     

Superior trichloroethylene removal from water by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron/graphene aerogel composite

Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is a promising material for removal of organic pollutants from water, but S-nZVI nanoparticles (NPs) easily agglomerate and have poor contact with organic contaminants. Herein, we propose a new S-nZVI/graphene aerogel (S-nZVI/GA) composite which exhibits superior removal capability for trichloroethylene (TCE) from water. Three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (GA) can improve the efficiency of electron transport, enhance the adsorption of organic pollutants and restrain the agglomeration of the core-shell S-nZVI NPs. The TCE removal rates of FeS, nZVI, GA and S-nZVI were 27.8%, 42%, 63% and 75% in 2?hr, respectively. Furthermore, TCE was completely removed within 50?min by S-nZVI/GA. The TCE removal rate increased with increasing pH and temperature, and TCE removal followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results demonstrate the great potential of S-nZVI/GA composite as a low-cost, easily separated and superior monolithic adsorbent for removal of organic pollutants.