农业环境污染问题的经济学分析

在经济体制改革不断深入和经济高速增长的今天,农业作为中国的基础产业部门也经历着一场巨大的变革--逐步由传统农业向现代农业转变,然而在这一进程中所出现的农业生态环境问题却引起了人们的普遍关注.一方面,社会经济的高速增长和人民生活水平的提高,使得人们愈加向往良好的生态环境;另一方面,支持农业生态系统的环境正在以前所未有的速度恶化.文章正是着眼于当前中国农业环境问题,先列举了农业环境污染的现状,接着对农业环境污染问题从经济学的角度进行分析,并在此基础上探讨了排污税的利弊.     

三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏WZD地区的应用

当地下地质构造复杂、断裂发育,横向速度变化不是太剧烈的情况下,提高偏移成像精度,三维叠前时间偏移是一种行之有效的方法。三维叠前时间偏移取得成功的关键:一是高保真、高信噪比的叠前数据;二是建立一个合理的三维偏移速度场。随着计算机性能的不断提高,三维叠前时间偏移逐渐成为常规处理技术,该技术在江苏油田WZD地区得到了广泛的应用,实际资料处理结果及钻探效果证实了三维叠前时间偏移技术是解决WZD地区复杂构造成像精度的一种好方法。     

Level of coordinated development in economy and environment

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A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

顺城地区地表水污染防治对策

通过对顺城河北地区地表水环境现状特点及其污染状况的调查详细分析了各支流的纳污量,了解河北地区各支流对浑河主河道的“污染贡献”,运用科学的方法确定各功能水质目标,提出水污染总量、控制削减方案和治理方案。     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

电视机,电脑视屏与β辐射的关系

对电视机，电脑视视屏显象管壳成分进行了β放射性活性度测定及β剂量的计算，结果证明，视屏的固有电离辐射－β射线来自玻璃原材料，所产生的β剂蜈取决于原材料成分中天然放射性核素的种类含量及所用的份额。由此产生的β剂量对公众的健康不会产生有害影响。     

ACF的结构及其滤材特性的研究

根据活性炭纤维与颗粒状活性炭的平行实验，对比了ＡＣＦ与ＧＡＣ的物化特性和基本结构，以说明ＡＣＦ作为新型环境功能材料的特点，在实验室建立的流动法测定材料吸附特性的系统中，对ＡＣＦ在不同流量下对不同上游浓度污染气体（ＮＨ３）的吸附性能进行了测定，获得了ＡＣＦ的穿透曲线，对其吸附性能与吸附床流量和上游浓度进行了相关分析，并对以ＡＣＦ为滤料的空气过滤器的除污性能进行了测试。     

Prenatal application of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for identification of a mosaic Y-chromosome marker,IDIC(Yp)

An amniocentesis was performed at 13.3 weeks' gestation for advanced maternal age. A mosaic sex chromosome pattern was found: of 50 cells examined, 34 had a 45,X karyotype. In 14 cells with a modal number of 46, a recognizable Y was substituted by a small non-fluorescent marker. C-banding identified the marker as an isodicentric in 12 cells. In two cells, the non-fluorescent marker appeared to be monocentric and looked like a non-fluorescent del (Yq), but could have been an isodicentric Y with inactivation of one of the centromeres. Two cells with a modal number of 47 showed two copies of the monocentric marker. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with an alpha satellite Y-specific centromeric probe confirmed the Y-chromosome origin of the markers and allowed for more accurate prenatal diagnostic information.