额尔齐斯—玛因鄂博断裂带——新疆一个重要的构造结合带

新疆阿勒泰区的额尔齐斯—玛因鄂博断裂带是划分阿尔泰褶皱区与北准噶尔褶皱区的一条重要构造结合带。南北两区,无论在地层、构造、喷发—侵入活动、矿化作用以及变质程度上均有明显不同,资料表明,它经历了长期的发育过程,最终发展成为两区的天然分界线。     

饮用水中微囊藻毒素臭氧降解效能及影响因素研究

对臭氧氧化去除饮用水中微囊藻毒素RR及LR的降解效能、反应动力学进行了试验研究,讨论了藻毒素初始质量浓度、pH值、羟基自由基(·OH)抑制剂(HCO-3)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)质量浓度对降解的影响.结果表明:整个降解过程符合一级动力学反应方程,降解速率常数与藻毒素初始质量浓度无关;pH值的升高、HCO-3和DOC的存在都会降低藻毒素的降解效率.在液相臭氧质量浓度为8.20 mg·L-1,pH=7.0,温度为(25±1) ℃,反应时间30 min的条件下,MC-RR降解速率常数k=7.80×102 min-1,去除率达90.0%;MC-LR降解速率常数k=1.06×101 min-1,去除率达96.3%.     

耐热粉末铝合金筒体热旋成形试验

介绍了喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯经挤压变形 ,变薄旋压筒体的研制过程 ;重点论述了热旋成形筒体的工艺路线。试验探讨了耐热铝合金的旋压温度为 35 0～ 45 0℃ ,道次变薄率约为2 0 % ,累计变薄率约 5 0 % ,需中间退火 ,退火温度宜取 35 0℃。热旋结果认为 ,喷射沉积耐热粉末铝合金铸坯直接热旋成形困难 ,需经挤压比大于 4的变形致密 ,有助于热旋成形。耐热粉末铝合金挤压坯加热变薄旋压 ,应采用小压下量多道次的变形过程 ,逐渐细化晶粒组织 ,才能旋出综合性能良好的筒形件。     

PASS42在微污染饮用水原水处理中的应用研究

:用所研制的混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝对珠江中下游河段原水进行处理 ,改变混凝水力条件 ,对其混凝过程进行了研究并作了经济分析     

AT－SS复合颗粒吸附剂的制备和除铅性能研究

通过颗粒吸附剂在含铅溶液中的振荡实验．研究了凹凸棒石粘土（ＡＴ）和钢渣（ＣＳ）、水泥（ＳＮ）、石英砂（ＳＳ）制得的多种复合颗粒吸附剂的除铅性能及制备条件．确定出最佳颗粒吸附剂为ＡＴ－ＳＳ，混合比为５：１，７００℃下焙烧１２０ｍｉｎ．对铅的静态吸附容量高达５００ｍｇ／ｇ以上，动态吸附容量为６０ｍｇ／ｇ．在１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，穿透时间为２０ｈ，洗脱回收率为４８．３％．当Ｐｂ进样量为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＡＴ－ＳＳ吸附剂在２３６倍床体积之内，流出液浓度低于排放标准．     

使用撬装式生物反应器处理含油污泥的现场试验

以长庆油田华池作业区93#井场的修井油泥为对象,添加石油降解菌剂、营养盐、膨松剂,使用撬装式生物反应器控制反应温度及提供全面的机械搅拌增进溶氧量与营养物质的传递速率,对初始含油量为7.24%的含油污泥进行24d的生物强化降解后,含油量下降为0.23%。结果表明,使用撬装式生物反应器可以使微生物快速高效的降解石油污染物,...     

Fate estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils in a rapid urbanization region, Shenzhen of China

Our previous study indicated that the current level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shenzhen soil is in the low-end of world soil PAH pollution. In this study, the fate of PAHs in the soil of Shenzhen was investigated. The mass inventories of Σ(27)PAHs and Σ(15)PAHs (defined as the sum of the 27 or 15 PAH compounds sought) in topsoil of Shenzhen were ～204 and ～152 metric tons, respectively. Fate estimation of Σ(15)PAHs shows that air-soil gaseous exchange is the primary environmental process with ～10,076 kg/year diffusing from soil to air. Rain washing (～1131 kg/year from air to soil) is the most important input pathway followed by wet (～17 kg/year) and dry deposition (～8 kg/year) to soils in Shenzhen. The transport of Σ(15)PAHs by soil erosion is a crucial loss process for soil PAHs in Shenzhen (1918 kg/year for water runoff and 657 kg/year for solid runoff from soil). Moreover, degradation is not ignorable at present (95 kg/year). Comparison of inventory and residue (defined as Σ(15)PAHs left in topsoils after all environmental loss processes) suggested that input and loss of high molecular weight PAHs for Shenzhen's soil reached apparent equilibrium. Soil PAH pollution in Shenzhen will stay in a quasi-steady state for a long period and the natural environmental processes can not significantly reduce the pollution.     

Occurrence, distribution, and source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and leaves from Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in soil and three plant species samples taken at different land use areas in Shenzhen China. The concentrations of ??₇BDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) and BDE-209 in the surface soils ranged from 0.23 to 271 and 8.9 to 5,956 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. These figures are comparable to that in the soils of electronic waste dismantling sites. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (contributes 85?C99% of ??₈PBDEs (??₇PBDEs plus BDE-209)) in soils. The regression slopes of total organic carbon and individual BDE congeners were rather gentle, indicating that factors other than soil organic matter regulated the soil concentrations. Proximity to sources of deposition processes might be the major factors. In the plant leaves, ??₇BDEs and BDE-209 concentrations ranged from 1.29 to 5.91 and 5.49 to 28.2 ng/g dw, respectively. BDE-209 is also the dominant component, but the contribution was much lower compared with that in soils. Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Michelia alba DC. show some similarities on the uptake of PBDEs, while Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia is different from them. The correlations between plant leaf concentrations and predicted gaseous concentrations were moderate, indicating that gaseous concentration did not influence the leaf concentration significantly.     

非线性灰色模型在污染物总量预测中的应用

在前人工作的基础之上介绍了几种修正的ＧＭ（１，１）非线性模型，并以衡阳市１９９０～１９９６年城区污染物总量（ＣＯＤ）的预测为例，探讨了各种模型的应用效果。结果表明：非线性模型的拟合精度更高，具有更加广阔的发展前景。     

我国地膜覆盖和残留污染特点与防控技术

地膜覆盖技术已成为我国农业应用最为广泛的农艺技术之一,但同时地膜残留污染也成为影响农业可持续发展的一个重大问题,系统分析梳理地膜覆盖种植技术、地膜残留污染的特点及防控技术对于该技术合理利用具有重要意义。本文在已有工作基础上,系统分析了我国地膜覆盖种植技术应用情况、地膜残留污染特点和防治技术。结果表明,20世纪80年代以来,我国地膜用量及覆盖面积一直呈大幅度上升态势,年增长率在8％左右,1991—2011年20年间,地膜使用强度增加了3～10倍,但存在明显区域差异。总体上,北方省区的地膜使用强度大,增长幅度快。地膜覆盖应用作物也从经济作物扩大到粮食作物,应用面积最大作物依次为玉米、蔬菜、棉花、烟草和花生等。地膜覆盖技术的应用产生了巨大效益,但同时也带来了一系列污染危害。长期覆膜农田土壤中都存在程度不同的残膜污染,残留量一般在71．9-259．1kg·hm-2。西北地区是残膜污染最严重的地区,土壤中残膜量远远高于华北和西南地区。残留地膜大小和形态多种多样,主要有片状、蜷缩圆筒状和球状等,在土壤中呈水平、垂直和倾斜状分布。目前,我国地膜残留污染防治技术滞后,人工回收是普遍和主要的回收形式,其他防治技术如机械回收、节约型地膜应用、生物降解地膜尚未较大规模应用。当前,为防止地膜残留污染进一步加剧,急需修订完善地膜标准和加强质量监管,提高可回收性;推广节约型地膜使用技术和残膜回收技术;开展地膜覆盖技术适应性研究,促进技术合理利用。