分段进水两级A/O工艺对白酒废水的强化处理效果

为有效控制白酒废水中高质量浓度NH₄+-N对A/O系统冲击引起的出水水质超标问题,分析比较单级A/O工艺和分段进水两级A/O工艺[进水时间（以min计）分配比为7:3]对白酒废水的处理效果.结果表明:与单级A/O工艺相比,分段进水两级A/O工艺出水中ρ（NH₄+-N）、ρ（NO₂--N）、ρ（NO₃--N）和ρ（COD_Cr）均显著降低,其平均去除率分别提高了16.9%、43.2%、49.7%和8%.分段进水两级A/O工艺的二次进水能够为短程硝化反硝化的进行提供有效碳源和NH₄+-N等,为NO₂--N和NO₃--N等去除提供了有利条件;同时,它通过促进对系统内碳源的利用以及NO₂--N的去除,进一步降低了出水中ρ（COD_Cr）.此外,分段进水两级A/O工艺通过降低NH₄+-N和NO₂--N等污染物质量浓度,也能有效减弱其对氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌等微生物的抑制作用,为后续好氧阶段含氮污染物的去除奠定基础.但是,分段进水两级A/O工艺对白酒废水中PO₄3-的去除效果有限,这主要是因为第二阶段的NO₂--N存在使反应系统处于缺氧环境,同时在碳源不充足的情况下,导致聚磷微生物释磷不充分,降低了第二好氧段的吸磷动力.研究显示,分段进水两级A/O工艺能够有效强化白酒废水中三态氮和COD_Cr的降解去除.      

Long-term observations of tropospheric NO2, SO2 and HCHO by MAX-DOAS in Yangtze River Delta area, China

Yangtze River Delta(YRD) area is one of the important economic zones in China. However,this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO_2, SO_2, and formaldehyde(HCHO) in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD(Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai) were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities(VCDs) and profiles of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO.Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO_2 and SO_2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) satellite observations, resulting in R~2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRD under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.     

环境中铅、汞离子污染对自闭症儿童的影响研究

自闭症是一种小儿广泛性的发育障碍。目前关于自闭症的研究多是从社会、心理及生物学角度进行讨论,而对环境污染对自闭症患儿产生的影响没有过多关注。针对该问题,综述了铅、汞离子在环境中的污染状况以及空气、水与食物中铅、汞离子污染的水平,探讨人体铅、汞离子暴露途径及其对儿童自闭症的影响。提出应加强对环境中铅、汞离子污染的研究,开展人体铅、汞离子暴露的潜在风险评估,为保证居民尤其是婴幼儿的健康提供科学依据。     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

中国光伏组件报废量的预测

在采用威布尔分布模型分析光伏组件使用寿命分布情况的基础上,使用神经网络模型和市场供给A模型分别对中国光伏装机容量和组件报废量进行预测。将光伏组件按照不同质量分成2阶段,考虑不同退化情景预测组件报废量,并计算组件中有价值材料和金属报废量。预测结果表明:2025年后中国光伏组件报废量爆发,到2050年,中国光伏组件报废量最高可达60. 22 GW,累计报废最高可达673 GW。在4种退化情景下,到2050年,典型贵金属方面最高产生3134. 5 t的Ag;稀有金属方面最高产生228. 1 t的Te; 463. 4 t的Cd,58. 5 t的Ga,29. 8 t的In;有毒有害金属方面最高产生263. 9 t的Pb; Si最高产生量43735. 4 t。到2050年,光伏组件材料累积废弃总量最高可达64623193. 6 t。     

高职院校计算机应用专业《JSP动态网站设计》课程改革探析

通过分析当前社会需求,结合高职高专院校目前的教学模式,提出计算机应用专业的《JSP动态网站设计》课程的教学改革方案。在基于工作任务的lAPP（导入-分析-实践-项目）教学情境中,开展“课堂实训＋虚拟公司＋校外实训基地”三位一体的实践模式教学,同时,将对工作过程的考核纳入课程的整个考核体系之中,使学生在课程中能够获得真实的职业体验和完善的实践能力。     

Fenton试剂降解PAM催化剂的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化降解含油废水中的聚丙烯酰胺,研究了H2O2用量、催化剂种类及用量对降解聚丙烯酰胺效果的影响。结果表明,H2O2用量为聚丙烯酰胺的20%为宜;CuCl2具有和FeSO4、Fe(NO3)3、FeCl3相近的催化效果,并且可以作为一种在较高pH值条件下应用的催化剂;在优选条件下该氧化体系可以使聚丙烯酰胺黏度大大降低。     

香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究

通过建立香根草人工湿地系统,研究该系统对生活污水的COD、TP、TN的处理效果以及系统的耐污性。在水力停留时间(HRT)为6h的条件下,COD、TP、TN的去除率分别为63.5%、88.3%、72.4%。研究表明,香根草人工湿地系统对城镇生活污水具有较好的净化效果,且系统在该试验条件下耐污性良好。