Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption

Activated carbon adsorption is commonly used to control dioxin-like congener (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) emissions. Partitioning of PCDD/Fs and PCBs between vapor and solid phases and their removal efficiencies achieved with existing air pollution control devices (APCDs) at a large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and an industrial waste incinerator (IWI) are evaluated via intensive stack sampling and analysis. Those two facilities investigated are equipped with activated carbon injection (ACI) with bag filter (BF) and fixed activated carbon bed (FACB) as major PCDD/F control devices, respectively. Average PCDD/F and PCB concentrations of stack gas with ACI+BF as APCDs are 0.031 and 0.006ng-TEQ/Nm(3), and that achieved with FACB are 1.74 and 0.19ng-TEQ/Nm(3) in MWI and IWI, respectively. The results show that FACB could reduce vapor-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs concentrations in flue gas, while the ACI+BF can effectively adsorb the vapor-phase dioxin-like congener and collect the solid-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the meantime. Additionally, the results of the pilot-scale adsorption system (PAS) experimentation indicate that each gram activated carbon adsorbs 105-115ng-PCDD/Fs and each surface area (m(2)) of activated carbon adsorbs 10-25ng-PCDD/Fs. Based on the results of PAS experimentation, this study confirms that the surface area of mesopore+macropore (20-200A) of the activated carbon is a critical factor affecting PCDD/F adsorption capacity.     

Burkholderia sp.FDS-1降解硝基苯酚类化合物的特性研究

从长期受农药污染的土壤中分离到1株高效杀螟硫磷降解菌株Burkholderia sp.FDS^-1,它能以3-甲基-4-硝基苯酚(MNP)为唯一碳源和氮源进行生长.该菌能在9h内将0.6mmol.L-1MNP完全转化成邻甲基对苯二酚(MHQ),并能继续降解MHQ.该菌降解MNP的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0,菌株降解MNP的速率和起始接种量呈正相关.降解MNP的酶为诱导酶.     

应用重组孕激素基因酵母测定饮用水中内分泌干扰物的方法

研究了用重组孕激素受体基因酵母测定饮用水中内分泌干扰物的方法,并利用该种方法检测了南方某水厂不同处理工艺过程水样对孕激素受体活性的抑制水平.结果表明,重组孕激素受体基因酵母能够与孕激素专一性的结合,诱导产生明显的剂量-效应关系,EC₅₀值为0.5 nmol/L,具有较高灵敏度;环境内分泌干扰物五氯酚和壬基酚具有孕激素受体抑制活性,其IC₅₀值分别为2.4μmol/L和3.7μmol/L;重组孕激素受体基因/报道基因的酵母技术是一种筛选和定量分析具有孕激素受体抑制活性的内分泌干扰物的快速、有效方法.结合固相萃取的前处理技术,重组孕激素受体基因酵母对水厂不同处理工艺水样检测出明显的孕激素受体抑制活性,抑制率均大于58%,表明重组孕激素受体基因酵母检测技术能够快速监测和鉴别水样中具有抑制孕激素受体活性的物质.     

Prediction for energy content of Taiwan municipal solid waste using multilayer perceptron neural networks

In the past decade, the treatment amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) by incineration has increased significantly in Taiwan. By year 2008, approximately 70% of the total MSW generated will be incinerated. The energy content (usually expressed by lower heating value [LHV]) of MSW is an important parameter for the selection of incinerator capacity. In this work, wastes from 55 sampling sites, including villages, towns, cities, and remote islands in the Taiwan area, were sampled and analyzed once a season from April 2002 to March 2003 to determine the waste characteristics. The LHV of MSW in Taiwan was predicted by the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks model using the input parameters of elemental analysis and dry- or wet-base physical compositions. Although all three of the models predicted LHV values rather accurately, the elemental analysis model provided the most accurate prediction of LHV values. Additionally, the wet-base physical composition model was the easiest and most economical. Therefore, the waste treatment operators can choose the more appropriate analysis method considering situations themselves, such as time, equipment, technology, and cost.     

Assessment of control strategies for reducing volatile organic compound emissions from the polyvinyl chloride wallpaper production industry in Taiwan

This study attempts to assess the effectiveness of control strategies for reducing volatile organic compound (VOC) emission from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wallpaper production industry. In Taiwan, methyl ethyl ketone, TOL, and cyclohexanone have comprised the major content of solvents, accounting for approximately 113,000 t/yr to avoid excessive viscosity of plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and to increase facility in working. Emissions of these VOCs from solvents have caused serious odor and worse air quality problems. In this study, 80 stacks in five factories were tested to evaluate emission characteristics at each VOC source. After examining the VOC concentrations in the flue gases and contents, the VOC emission rate before treatment and from fugitive sources was 93,000 and 800 t/yr, respectively. In this study, the semiwet electrostatic precipitator is recommended for use as cost-effective control equipment.     

海洋油气资源开发技术发展战略研究

开辟深水油气勘探开发领域、实现边际油田的高效和经济开发是提高油气后续发展能力。保障油气资源安全的重要途径之一。我国在深水油气勘探开发技术方面基础较薄弱．在“十一五”期间尚不具备开发深水油气的条件。因此“十一五”期间需针对我圈海域特点选择部分关键技术进行重点攻关。实现我国海洋油气开发由近海向深水的技术转移。为实现全海域资源开发提供高技术支撑。本文以海洋油气资源开发技术为对象．从海洋油气资源及其勘探开发状况、国内外技术发展现状和趋势、图象及社会经济需求筹方面进行内外部环境条件分析．提出了我国海洋油气资源技术领域所面临的挑战以及与国际水平的差距。并对制约我国该技术领域和相关油气产业发展的瓶颈技术、国外垄断技术进行了分析．最终提出我国海洋资源开发技术发展的战略目标和战略模式。     

自然权利的批判与辩护

环境伦理的突出功能表现在对人与自然关系的调整上。从法学视角切入．以“权利”作为分析文本．论述了人类中心主义与非人类中心主义在“自然权利”上的理论分歧．人类中心主义者从权利的一人性、权利义务的不对等性、主张自然权利的非现实性以及自然权利的不可操作性四个方面对自然的权利提出了批判．而非人类中心主义者指出权利撅念的在不断地扩展．人类中心主义不可能完全解决好人与自然的关系,自然权利存在着转化为在法律上具有可操作性的可能．并且自然权利理论已在法律实践领域拓展．对自然的权利进行了辩护。由此提出了“非人类中心主义”、“自然的权利”的环境伦理定位。     

利用百合(Lilium davidii)根尖细胞的微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的探讨

首次报道了利用百合根尖细胞微核细胞率作为环境监测指标的可行性和优越性。实验证明,百合根尖比蚕豆根尖细胞的微核细胞率更敏感。     

管道截面对氢气/空气预混爆炸影响的实验研究

为研究管道截面对氢气/空气预混火焰形状与传播速度的影响,选用三个长度都为1m而截面尺寸不同的方形管道进行实验。实验结果表明,在截面为80mm×80mm的管道中,四种氢气浓度下预混火焰都发展形成了郁金香火焰。火焰传播速度呈现上升,下降,再上升的波动。在截面为100mm×100mm和150mm×150mm的管道中,只有在氢气浓度20%下形成郁金香火焰,并且传播速度也出现上述的波动。而在氢气浓度25%,30%,40%下,预混火焰都呈指尖形传至管口,未出现郁金香火焰,传播速度都是不断上升。三个管道对比中,截面为100mm×100mm的管道内火焰平均传播速度最快,且压力波第一峰值最大。     

转cry1Ab基因水稻中毒蛋白的表达、分泌及其在土壤中的残留

研究了转cry1Ab基因水稻(克螟稻)中Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达、根系分泌及其在土壤中的残留规律.结果表明,分蘖始期至成熟期,克螟稻地上部和根部中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达量(FW)分别为3.23～8.22 μg/g和0.68～0.89 μg/g.生育期间克螟稻根系分泌的Cry1Ab毒蛋白含量仅为1.66～48.02 ng/(株·d).试验证实,克螟稻根际土中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白残留含量低于检测限(<0.5ng/g 干燥土).生物测定还表明,克螟稻根际土及其提取液对棉铃虫初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫不产生致死性效应.相对于Cry1Ab毒蛋白的根系分泌转移,克螟稻秸秆还田对土壤环境的影响应引起重视.