富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术评估

回顾了我国在富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术方面的研究进展,并从富营养化湖泊底泥污染控制技术的运用效果、环境影响、社会影响、经济性、适用性以及与其他技术的相关性等六个方面,全面评估了破坏分层、人工曝气、化学增氧、底泥疏浚和底泥封闭等五类技术.     

固定化微生物脱氮技术

在废水生物脱氮中 ,利用载体固定、形成颗粒污泥等固定化微生物技术可在增加生物脱氮速度、节省碳源、减少后曝气等方面提供有效的方法 ,并实现单级生物脱氮     

荧光化学传感器的制备及其在环境分析监测中的应用

随着荧光分析技术和传感技术的发展,荧光化学传感器已经成为一种重要的连续分析测量装置.它具有很高的选择性和灵敏度,可以实现对pH、溶解氧、含氮化合物、有毒害重金属离子、有机污染物进行实时和在线测定,因此在环境分析监测方面具有广泛的应用前景.简要介绍了荧光化学传感器的原理、制备及分类,综述了近年来荧光化学传感器的发展及其在环境分析监测中的最新研究成果,并探讨了荧光化学传感器在环境分析监测领域的应用前景和发展方向.     

预处理后的活性污泥对锌吸附的研究

剩余活性污泥处理是当今的热点问题,从活性污泥资源化的角度出发,将活性污泥加工成为锌离子的生物吸附剂,比较了8种方法预处理后的活性污泥对锌的吸附效果,分析了这8种方法对污泥吸附能力的影响机理.对经过NaOH和H2O2处理的污泥的吸附特性和影响因素进行了研究,结果表明该吸附过程符合Psemio-seconal Order吸附动力学模型及Freunomch吸附等温模型,低pH不利于吸附,适当提高温度可以增强吸附效果,增加污泥吸附剂浓度可以增加金属离子去除率,但是单位质量吸附剂吸附金属离子的量减小.用红外光谱对比的手段对吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明污泥颗粒表面一些含氮氧的基团对zn.'的络合作用是主要的吸附机理.该研究在污泥资源化和废水中锌离子的去除方面有重要意义.     

高位铁皮水箱供水质量及影响因素

我们于１９９５年３月￣４月调查了武汉市高位铁皮水箱的供水质量。结果表明：高层住宅水箱近年虽曾清洗消毒，但高层用户龙头水及水箱水中游离性全氯未达标比例较大，分别为７３．３％和６６．７％。个别底层住户水样中铁超标。高位水箱水样中细菌总数超标比例为２０％。反映了高层住宅二次供水中在水的输送、贮存过程中有二次污染存在。经水样监测指标相关性和灰色关联性分析，认为游离性余氯可作为常规监测高层住宅二次供水质量的     

Determination of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge from Guangdong, China using GC-EI-MS

Polycyclic musks [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN) and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were Soxhlet extracted, separated and analyzed in sewage sludge from six different wastewater treatment plants from Guangdong, China, using GC and GC-EI-MS. DPMI, ADBI, HHCB, AHTN were found in all samples, and ATII was not found in any sample. AHMI was detected in five out of six samples. HHCB and AHTN were the two major polycyclic musks found in highest concentrations in sludge. The sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants contained HHCB, AHTN and DPMI at concentrations between 5.416 and 21.214, 0.715 and 6.195 and 0.599 and 2.870 mg/kg (dry), respectively. The highest concentration was found in sludge from one cosmetic plant at 703.681 mg HHCB/kg (dry). The results indicate that there are two sources of polycyclic musks: domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.     

催化湿式氧化中负载型催化剂的稳定性与应用

催化剂在应用过程中必须具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.优化制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于处理高浓度难降解的乳化液废水时具有良好的催化活性,在200℃时反应2 h,TOC去除率为81.3%,比未加催化剂的湿式氧化提高了14.9%.该催化剂对分散兰废水具有更高的活性和稳定性:在220℃反应1.5 h后,COD和TOC去除率分别为68.8%和56.5%,比非催化氧化分别提高了18.7%和18.9%.     

Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China

Spatial distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons [chlorinated pesticides (CPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured in riverine and estuarine sediment samples from Pearl River Delta, China, collected in 1997. Concentrations of CPs of the riverine sediment samples range from 12 to 158 ng/g, dry weight, while those of PCBs range from 11 to 486 ng/g. The CPs concentrations of the estuarine sediment samples are in the range 6-1658 ng/g, while concentrations of PCBs are in the range 10-339 ng/g. Total PAH concentration ranges from 1168 to 21,329 ng/g in the riverine sediment samples, whereas the PAH concentration ranges from 323 to 14,812 ng/g in the sediment samples of the Estuary. Sediment samples of the Zhujiang River and Macao harbor around the Estuary show the highest concentrations of CPs, PCBs, and PAHs. Possible factors affecting the distribution patterns are also discussed based on the usage history of the chemicals, hydrologic condition, and land erosion due to urbanization processes. The composition of PAHs is investigated and used to assess petrogenic, combustion and naturally derived PAHs of the sediment samples of the Pearl River Delta. In addition, the concentrations of a number of organic compounds of the Pearl River Delta samples indicate that sediments of the Zhujiang river and Macao harbor are most likely to pose biological impairment.     

堆肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状

堆肥是垃圾处理的主要方法之一 ,厨房垃圾、园林垃圾、农村秸秆和日常生活中的废弃纤维产品均可作为堆肥原料 ,这些原料中含有一定量的纤维素和木质素 ,而纤维素和木质素在堆肥过程中较难生物降解。因此 ,国内外学者致力于研究能加速纤维素和木质素降解的高效微生物。研究发现 ,对纤维素和木质素有降解能力的微生物主要是高温放线菌和高温真菌 ,其中有独特降解机制的白腐菌在木质素降解中起着重要作用     

Recycling EDTA solutions used to remediate metal-polluted soils

The objective of this research was to investigate the recycling of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) used for the removal of trace metals from contaminated soils. We successfully used Na2S combined with Ca(OH)2 to precipitate the trace metals allowing us to recycle the EDTA. The results of batch and column leaching experiments show that both Ca-EDTA and Na-EDTA are powerful chelating agents with a similar soil remediation potential. The major advantage of Ca-EDTA is the preservation of soil organic matter. We found that Na2S was capable of separating the metals Cd, Cu and Pb from EDTA; however, the precipitation of Zn required the addition of Ca(OH)2. After reusing the reclaimed EDTA seven times, over a 14-day period, EDTA reagent losses ranged from 19.5% to 23.5%. Successive washing cycles enhanced the removal of trace metals from contaminated soils. The metal sulfide precipitates contain high concentrations of metals and could potentially be recycled.