1954、1998年长江两次特大洪灾形成原因及防治对策初探

１９９８ 年长江中下游地区发生的特大洪水具有洪水水位高、洪量大、历时长的特点, 这次洪水灾害造成的直接经济损失超过了２ ０００ 亿元。本文在长江上中游地区降水量总量及强度超常、长江上中下游洪水遭遇严重、分洪区没能发挥作用等洪灾形成主要原因进行分析的基础上, 提出了加大对影响长江流域灾变性气候的研究、调整江湖水系结构、加强区域间防洪的协调和协作等对策建议。     

建筑物的安全防雷问题不容忽视

建筑物的雷害损失每年都在发生,而建筑物防雷装置的施工质量存在诸多违反《规范》的问题,应引起设计、施工、质检、监理、用户等单位的重视,以期达到建筑物的安全防雷。     

Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in a shallow eutrophic lake: Impacts of sources and sedimentological conditions

Sediment core samples collected from Lake Chaohu were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)to assess the spatial and temporal distributions of the PAHs during lacustrine sedimentary processes and regional economic development.Assessing the PAH sedimentary records over an approximately 100-year time span,we identified two stages in the PAH inputs and sources(before the 1970 s and after the 1970s)in the eastern lake region near a village,whereas three stages(before the 1950 s,1950s–1990s and after the1990s)were identified in the western lake region near urban and industrial areas.Rapid increases in the PAH depositional fluxes occurred during the second stage due to increased human activities in the Lake Chaohu basin.The composition and isomeric ratios of the PAHs revealed that pyrolysis is the main source of PAHs in this lake.Strong positive relationships between PAH concentration and the total organic carbon concentration,sediment grain size( 4 μm),as well as the local population and Gross Domestic Product indicated that the sedimentary conditions impact the depositional characteristics of the PAHs;simultaneously,socioeconomic activities,such as energy consumption and the levels of urban industrialization and civilization,affect both the composition and abundance of the PAHs.     

Thermal energy storage and thermodynamic properties of (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid as a medium temperature phase change material

Phase change materials (PCMs) that can store and release heat energy over the temperature range from 363 to 393 K are crucial for solar absorption cooling, and it is worthy to seek new solid-liquid PCMs candidates that melt and crystallize in this temperature range. In this paper, (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid (mTBEA) was applied as a PCM candidate. Its thermal energy storage properties and thermal stability were systematically investigated. The results showed that mTBEA melted at 382.9 ± 0.5 K and crystallized at about 364 K, with a melting enthalpy (Δ_fusH) of 138.4 ± 6.9 J g^?1 and showed good long-term cyclic stability and thermal stability. The supercooling of mTBEA was stabilized at about 20 K, indicating that the conservation condition of melted mTBEA could be simple. In addition, the melted mTBEA could release all the absorbed thermal energy upon crystallizing. Besides, mTBEA exhibited good thermal stability for it to be applied as PCM. Hence, mTBEA is a promising PCM candidate for solar absorption cooling. Furthermore, the heat capacity of mTBEA was measured by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) over the temperature range from 198.15 to 431.15 K, and the molar thermodynamic functions, [H_T-H_298.15]_m and [S_T-S_298.15]_m, were calculated based on the fitted molar heat capacity data.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液与城镇污水合并处理生化试验研究

以上海老港垃圾填埋场四期填埋基地渗滤液原液及其整个填埋场垃圾渗滤波经氧化塘预处理后的出水为研究对象,分别以2．5％、5％、7．5％的比例与南汇区灶东泵站处城镇污水进行混合,采用好氧活性污泥法合并处理,对进出水的COD和NH3-N进行了测定分析。结果表明：当渗滤液混合比例≤5％时,出水的COD、NH3-N值能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）二级排放标准且不影响生物处理系统正常运行,为渗滤波与城镇污水合并处理的控制提供了一定的依据。     

聚丙烯酸-聚偏氟乙烯共混膜对Cu^2＋吸附特性的研究

应用热诱导聚合和相转移技术,制备了具有离子交换性能的聚丙烯酸-聚偏氟乙烯（PAA—PVDF）共混膜,采用XPS和SEM表征了PAA—PVDF共混膜的结构和组成,分析了PAA—PVDF共混膜对水溶液中Cu^2＋的吸附性能,研究了共混膜对Cu^2＋的吸附热力学和吸附动力学．结果表明,动力学吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir模型．吸附过程的平均吸附能为8—16kJ／mol,表明该吸附过程为离子交换反应．热力学参数△G^0〈0、△H^0〉0、△S^0〉0,证实了吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。PAA—PVDF共混膜经吸附／脱附4次循环后,对废水中Cu^2＋的吸附量大于0．025mg／cm^2,脱附率超过95％。PAA—PVDF共混膜具有优良的吸附／脱附性能,良好的稳定性和潜在的应用前号。     

FBS-3观测系统与仿真地方震震级偏差分析

蒙城地震台数字化仪记录到的地方震,它的仿真震级与未仿真震级差别很大,有时高达0.9,平均在0.37左右,究竟那个震级更接近标准震级,速保时应使用哪一种,资料应用时采用哪一种,对此本文进行了讨论.     

江西省肝癌与岩石类型

利用岩石类型资料１０９２个数据，肝癌死亡调查资料１５４４例，研究了肝癌死亡率与人群生存区的岩石类型（岩浆岩、变质岩、碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩、红色碎屑岩、第四系松散岩）的相关性。在此基础上，综合评价了与肝癌有相关性的岩石类型对肝癌的产生和发展的影响。     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously.     

燃煤电厂排放细微灰粒中痕量元素的分布与富集规律

本文测定了武汉市青山热电厂５＾＃锅炉在两种不同燃烧工况条件下，除尘器入口烟道灰的四种不同粒径灰粒中的Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ和Ｂｅ等七种痕量元素的含量。发现大部分元素有在细微粒子中富集的倾向，富集程度与颗粒物粒径大小、元素性质、元素存在形态及燃烧工况条件有密切关系。这种富集倾向可用痕量元素在燃烧过程中的蒸发－凝集作用来解释。