Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.     

区域可持续发展生态评估的能值分析研究进展与展望

可持续发展的生态评估是当前国际生态经济学与可持续发展研究的前沿问题之一，能值分析以能量为单位定量评估人类生态经济系统中各种生态流的可持续性，是一个重要的研究方向。尽管能值分析定量评价了自然环境资源对人类生态经济系统的贡献．克服了传统能量与经济分析方法的诸多缺憾，但在理论方法上仍存在不足之处。综合国内外区域能值分析的最新进展。能值转换率的确定、能值分析与空阃格局分析的整合、能值成本价值论与市场（使用）价值论的整合、可持续性阈值等问题将是下一步的研究重点。     

2种拟除虫菊酯类农药对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶的毒性效应

拟除虫菊酯类农药已经逐渐代替有机磷等农药被大量使用,给土壤动物带来潜在生态风险.本研究选择了土壤模式生物赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物,考察2种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯)对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶活性(α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶)的影响.结果表明,α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-Glu)活性在暴露初期被联苯菊酯诱导,随着时间的延长,出现抑...     

基于郑州地铁下穿南水北调干渠的Peck公式反演分析

土压平衡盾构隧道下穿通水运行中的南水北调工程,在国内尚属首例.以郑州地铁城郊线土压平衡盾构隧道下穿南水北调中线干渠区间实测数据为依据,将Peck公式法运用于隧道下穿南水北调工程引起的地表沉降预测研究中,利用反演分析法,通过引入最大沉降量修正系数j和沉降槽宽度修正系数k,结合实测数据对Peck公式进行修正,得出适用于郑州...     

黄土边坡坡面冲刷的临界坡度

边坡坡面冲刷存在一个临界坡度,边坡坡度接近临界坡度,冲刷量最大。通过能量守恒原理,建立了临界坡度的计算公式,它与边坡坡长以及降雨强度和坡面的粗造程度存在一定的函数关系。通过实例分析了临界坡度和单级坡高的确定,理论分析与工程实践基本一致,说明理论分析是合理可行的。     

Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

Plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) have been an important environmental problem because these plastics commonly contain toxic halogenated flame retardants which may cause serious environmental pollution, especially the formation of carcinogenic substances polybrominated dibenzo dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), during treat process of these plastics. Pyrolysis has been proposed as a viable processing route for recycling the organic compounds in WEEE plastics into fuels and chemical feedstock. However, dehalogenation procedures are also necessary during treat process, because the oils collected in single pyrolysis process may contain numerous halogenated organic compounds, which would detrimentally impact the reuse of these pyrolysis oils. Currently, dehalogenation has become a significant topic in recycling of WEEE plastics by pyrolysis. In order to fulfill the better resource utilization of the WEEE plastics, the compositions, characteristics and dehalogenation methods during the pyrolysis recycling process of WEEE plastics were reviewed in this paper. Dehalogenation and the decomposition or pyrolysis of WEEE plastics can be carried out simultaneously or successively. It could be ‘dehalogenating prior to pyrolysing plastics’, ‘performing dehalogenation and pyrolysis at the same time’ or ‘pyrolysing plastics first then upgrading pyrolysis oils’. The first strategy essentially is the two-stage pyrolysis with the release of halogen hydrides at low pyrolysis temperature region which is separate from the decomposition of polymer matrixes, thus obtaining halogenated free oil products. The second strategy is the most common method. Zeolite or other type of catalyst can be used in the pyrolysis process for removing organohalogens. The third strategy separate pyrolysis and dehalogenation of WEEE plastics, which can, to some degree, avoid the problem of oil value decline due to the use of catalyst, but obviously, this strategy may increase the cost of whole recycling process.     

烟花爆竹燃放对四川盆地边缘城市环境空气的影响及其污染传输特征研究

为了解四川盆地边缘城市环境空气质量受烟花爆竹燃放影响的特征,选取位于成都平原西南部的乐山市进行研究。研究发现,春节期间乐山市受烟花爆竹燃放影响的环境空气中的颗粒物及其组分的浓度变化趋势一致。相关性分析结果显示：在除夕夜烟花爆竹燃放影响时间段内,乐山市环境空气中的颗粒物(PM₁₀、PM_2.5)浓度与SO₄^2-、F^-、Al、K、Mn、Cu、Zn等组分浓度呈显著正相关,Pearson相关系数达到了0.48～0.73;Al、Si、K、Mn、Cu、Zn等组分浓度之间也表现出显著正相关,Pearson相关系数高达0.78～0.98。其中,K⁺浓度占比从0%上升到7.32%,SO₄^2-浓度占比从18.94%上升到24.73%,Cl^-浓度占比从0.46%上升到4.29%,Cu元素浓度占比从0.05%上升到0.30%,Al元素浓度占比从5.87%上升到7.46%。除夕夜烟花爆竹燃放影响期间,乐山市中部和北部区...     

SBR-电催化组合工艺处理己内酰胺废水试验研究

通过小试试验研究芬顿法、序批式活性污泥(SBR)生化法和电催化氧化法对己内酰胺废水中有机物的去除效果;采用SBR-电催化组合工艺现场中试,研究其对己内酰胺废水中有机物的去除效果,分析其运行的稳定性与经济性。结果表明:芬顿法在氧化剂投加量为3.0%时,COD_Cr去除率可达90.0%,但氧化剂成本较高;SBR生化法在适宜能耗时对COD_Cr的去除率为56.1%,单一工艺难以达到处理要求;电催化氧化法在适宜能耗时对COD_Cr的去除率为43.5%,单一工艺难以达到处理要求且单位耗电量较大;SBR-电催化氧化组合工艺对COD_Cr的去除率超过90.0%,出水COD_Cr降至200~300 mg/L,废水处理成本降低至5.15元/m ³,技术与经济方面均可行。     

Worldwide effects of non-native species on species–area relationships

Non-native species have invaded most parts of the world, and the invasion process is expected to continue and accelerate. Because many invading non-native species are likely to become permanent inhabitants, future consideration of species-area relationships (SARs) should account for non-native species, either separately or jointly with native species. If non-native species occupy unused niches and space in invaded areas and extinction rate of native species remains low (especially for plants), the resultant SARs (with both native and non-native species) will likely be stronger. We used published and newly compiled data (35 data sets worldwide) to examine how species invasions affect SARs across selected taxonomic groups and diverse ecosystems around the world. We first examined the SARs for native, non-native, and all species. We then investigated with linear regression analyses and paired or unpaired t tests how degree of invasion (proportion of non-native species) affected postinvasion SARs. Postinvasion SARs for all species (native plus non-native) became significantly stronger as degree of invasion increased (r² = 0.31, p = 0.0006), thus, reshaping SARs worldwide. Overall, native species still showed stronger and less variable SARs. Also, slopes for native species were steeper than for non-native species (0.298 vs. 0.153). There were some differences among non-native taxonomic groups in filling new niches (especially for birds) and between islands and mainland ecosystems. We also found evidence that invasions may increase equilibrial diversity. Study of such changing species–area curves may help determine the probability of future invasions and have practical implications for conservation.     

Science, Power, and System Dynamics: the Political Economy of Conservation Biology

Abstract: Frustration with the lack of action on conservation issues by governments has sparked debate around the policy role of conservation biologists. We analyzed the political economy of conservation biology, that is, of the dynamics of the political and economic structures within which conservation biology operates, and we suggest more productive means for conservation biologists to achieve conservation goals. Within the modern state, conservation goals are marginalized because the growth needs of industrial capital have the highest priority. Environmental advocacy within this system largely addresses only proximate concerns and has limited success. Science is a product of modern society, but scientists now need to foster novel institutional arrangements in which humans can function within the limits of natural systems. This entails a larger recognition of the inherent contradictions residing within current institutions that themselves depend on unsustainably high resource flows. As one critical counterbalance to these institutions, we discuss community-based management and research as primary institutions through which sustainable use of natural resources might be achieved.