煤与瓦斯突出热动力学过程试验研究

为进一步加强煤与瓦斯(甲烷)突出等矿山重大灾害预测预报的工作,开展煤与瓦斯突出全过程热动力现象研究。将煤样破碎后在煤与瓦斯突出相似模拟试验台内加压成型,开展不同粒径煤样的吸附、解吸及突出试验,获取试验过程中的煤体温度变化数据。结果表明:煤与瓦斯突出过程中煤体温度随时间的演化关系近似符合自然对数函数;煤样粒径对煤体温度变化有显著影响,煤样粒径越小,在吸附解吸瓦斯时温度变化量就越大、变化速度也更迅速。通过分析煤与瓦斯突出试验结果及能量关系得出,煤的粒径很大程度上决定了瓦斯吸附能力及瓦斯内能,瓦斯内能又很大程度上决定了煤与瓦斯突出强度。     

战略环境评价及其应用初探

概述了战略环境价的概念、产生原因、研究现状及其工作程序，结合川南矿肥工程项目对它进行了应用初探，提出了计划、规划层次ＳＥＡ的方法和指标，并对我国环评工作提出了建议。     

熟料造纸清洁生产量化评价—以承德兴业造纸项目为例

运用专家调查打分法,以具体的承德兴业造纸项目为例,初步探讨了清滞生产量化评价方法,程序以及清洁生产评价指标的应用。     

集约化蔬菜种植区地下水中反硝化细菌的分离鉴定

从研究我国典型集约化蔬菜种植区地下水中硝酸盐的来源和浓度人手,进行富集、培养、分离、纯化,筛选出一株具有反硝化作用的菌株,通过形态学、革兰氏染色结合16SrDNA序列同源性分析鉴定,其鉴定结果为农杆菌(Agrobacterium sp.).该研究为开展地下水硝酸盐污染的生物修复储备宝贵的菌种资源,为地下水中硝酸盐污染的原位微生物修复和相关污水的生物处理提供微牛物基础,对于经济、有效的解决地下水硝酸盐污染和水资源短缺的问题有着十分重要的意义.     

稀有鮈鲫作为水生模式生物的研究及探讨

我国本土水生生物稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus Ye et Fu, 1983年)是一种优良的试验用鱼,具备成为模式生物必要条件。本文总结了稀有鮈鲫生物生态学研究情况,分析了稀有鮈鲫在多个应用领域与模式生物斑马鱼、青鳉存在的不足和差距,同时借鉴发达国家推动模式生物的实践经验,提出了针对性建议。     

伊敏矿区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用分析

煤矿区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用对矿井突水水源识别及水害防治具有重要的意义。本文采集伊敏矿区水样21组,综合利用Piper三线图、同位素、Schoeller图、Gibbs图及离子比例关系分析了地下水化学特征及其控制因素。结果表明,矿区不同类型水样主要阳离子为Na⁺,阴离子主要为HCO₃⁻,平均pH值为7.92,TDS平均值为420.59 mg·L⁻¹;大气降水、地表水、第四系水以及Ⅰ含水层水化学类型均为HCO₃-Ca型,它们之间联系密切,Ⅱ含水层水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃-Na型,Ⅲ含水层水与矿井水水化学类型为HCO₃-Na型,且Ⅲ含水层水与矿井水δD和δ¹⁸O平均值最接近,矿井水主要来源于Ⅲ含水层补给;伊敏矿区地下水及矿井水主要离子形成作用受岩石风化控制,主要离子来源于钾长石、钠长石、钙长石等硅酸盐矿物的溶解,并受到Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺阳离子交换作用的影响.     

苯并(a)芘神经毒性研究进展

苯并(a)芘(BaP)是一种广泛存在于环境中的多环芳烃,具有致癌、致畸、致突变性。目前BaP的神经毒性研究零散而不深入,本文主要总结分析了BaP的神经毒性表现,简要介绍了BaP诱发神经毒性呈现的剂量-效应关系,进一步系统阐述了目前研究中发现的可能分子机制,包括BaP诱导神经递质及其代谢物含量的改变,相关DNA及蛋白质的损伤,抗氧化系统及线粒体的改变等,以期为进一步研究提供参考。     

Modeling compensated root water and nutrient uptake

Plant root water and nutrient uptake is one of the most important processes in subsurface unsaturated flow and transport modeling, as root uptake controls actual plant evapotranspiration, water recharge and nutrient leaching to the groundwater, and exerts a major influence on predictions of global climate models. In general, unsaturated models describe root uptake relatively simple. For example, root water uptake is mostly uncompensated and nutrient uptake is simulated assuming that all uptake is passive, through the water uptake pathway only. We present a new compensated root water and nutrient uptake model, implemented in HYDRUS. The so-called root adaptability factor represents a threshold value above which reduced root water or nutrient uptake in water- or nutrient-stressed parts of the root zone is fully compensated for by increased uptake in other soil regions that are less stressed. Using a critical value of the water stress index, water uptake compensation is proportional to the water stress response function. Total root nutrient uptake is determined from the total of active and passive nutrient uptake. The partitioning between passive and active uptake is controlled by the a priori defined concentration value c_max. Passive nutrient uptake is simulated by multiplying root water uptake with the dissolved nutrient concentration, for soil solution concentration values below c_max. Passive nutrient uptake is thus zero when c_max is equal to zero. As the active nutrient uptake is obtained from the difference between plant nutrient demand and passive nutrient uptake (using Michaelis–Menten kinetics), the presented model thus implies that reduced passive nutrient uptake is compensated for by active nutrient uptake. In addition, the proposed root uptake model includes compensation for active nutrient uptake, in a similar way as used for root water uptake. The proposed root water and nutrient uptake model is demonstrated by several hypothetical examples, for plants supplied by water due to capillary rise from groundwater and surface drip irrigation.