突发性环境污染事故应急系统及其响应程序

本文根据突发性环境污染事故应急工作的特点,本着实事求是、切实可行的原则,就建立应急组织、应急程序、技术储备等方面进行了探讨。可供各地在建立突发性环境污染事故应急系统及其响应程序时参考。     

水质氨氮在线监测仪对污染源低浓度样品测定的研究

水质氨氮在线监测仪广泛用于各类水体中氨氮的在线监测,随着我国水质氨氮减排工作的开展,污染源废水中氨氮浓度逐渐降低,目前市场上的水质氨氮在线监测仪是否适用于低浓度氨氮样品的在线监测成为广大环保工作者关心的问题。选取3种不同类型的水质氨氮在线监测仪分别进行低浓度标样和实际水样测试,并对结果进行了讨论。     

Occurrence and dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and dissolved cylindrospermopsin in urban reservoirs used for drinking water supply,South China

The tropical cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is of particular concern for its invasive characteristics and production of the toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN). The present study represents the first attempt to determine the distribution of C. raciborskii and CYN in tropical China. The presence of C. raciborskii and CYN, as well as the composition of phytoplankton, was determined from a total of 86 samples from 25 urban reservoirs for drinking water supply in Dongguan City of South China. The presence of C. raciborskii was observed in 21 of the 25 reservoirs and confirmed that this species has been widely distributed in the investigated reservoirs. C. raciborskii accounted for between 0.1 and 90.3 % of the total phytoplankton biomass and contributed to the majority of the phytoplankton in some reservoirs such as Tangkengbian and Xiagongyan. Its biomass was negatively correlated with NO₃ ^?-N concentration and Secchi depth. Dissolved CYN was detected in more than one-half of the reservoirs with concentrations up to 8.25 μg L^?1, and it positively correlated with C. raciborskii biomass. Dissolved microcystins (MCs) were detected in 12 of the 25 reservoirs with a maximum concentration 1.99 μg L^?1. Our data strongly suggest that C. raciborskii and CYN could be important health hazards in urban reservoirs of South China and that more data are needed for further assessment.     

pH和元素摩尔比对污泥酸化液沉淀法脱氮除磷的影响

针对剩余污泥水解酸化产生大量多糖、蛋白质和VFAs碳源的同时会有较高浓度的NH+4-N和PO3-4-P溶出的问题,考察了pH值和元素摩尔比对以沉淀法同时去除NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的影响.结果表明,最佳pH为9.0,当pH升高到10.0时NH+4-N去除率略有下降,在特定摩尔比范围内摩尔比对沉淀形成的影响大于pH值...     

Identification of heavy metal pollutants using multivariate analysis and effects of land uses on their accumulation in urban soils in Beijing, China

In order to evaluate the current state of the environmental quality of soils in Beijing, we investigated contents of 14 metals in Beijing urban soils inside the 5th ring road by even grids sampling. Statistic analyses were conducted to identify possible heavy metal pollutants, as well as the effects of land uses on their accumulation. Our results revealed that the urban soils in Beijing were contaminated by Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. Land uses and urbanization ages affected the accumulation of the four heavy metals in soils significantly. Soils in industrial areas have the highest average Cu and Zn contents, while Pb contents in park areas and Cd in agricultural areas are the highest. The accumulations of Pb and Zn in urban soils increase significantly with sampling plots approaching the city center. And Pb, Cd, and Zn contents in soils in traffic areas also tend to increase in the city center. However, residential areas have the lowest contents of all the four heavy metals.     

牡蛎壳生物滤池处理含盐污水中的硝化特性

采用牡蛎壳为曝气生物滤池填料,以含NaCl的生活污水为处理对象,在SBR操作条件下,系统考察进水NaCl浓度、曝气时间及进水pH值等对硝化性能的影响。结果表明,进水NaCl浓度为10~15 g/L时,平均氨氮去除率可稳定在97%以上;较高浓度NaCl对亚硝酸化菌活性影响较弱,对硝酸化菌活性影响较强,特别是在日曝气时间少于12 h时,其出水中亚硝氮的含率大于50%;当进水pH值在6~9变化时,反应器内pH值可稳定在6.5~7.5,硝化性能良好,表明牡蛎壳填料可为硝化反应提供碱度。     

钢结构梁柱节点抗火性能研究进展与展望∗

钢结构不耐火,在一定程度上制约了钢结构的应用和发展。为了探明钢结构在火灾下的工作性能,对钢结构基本构件的抗火性能进行了大量研究,提出了相应的设计理论与方法。梁柱节点是钢结构中十分关键的部位,在火灾下的可靠连接是保证钢结构火灾安全的重要前提。为了全面了解钢结构梁柱节点在火灾下的受力性能和破坏机理,从试验研究、有限元模拟和组件分析法三个方面系统地梳理了国内外关于节点抗火性能的研究进展。比较了高温下不同类型节点的力学性能,探讨了多种关键参数对节点在火灾下工作性能的影响规律,介绍了不同类型节点的高温组件分析模型以及弯矩―转角曲线数学模型。分析表明:节点构造形式对钢框架火灾安全有较大影响;通过设置柱腹板加劲肋、提高螺栓强度等级以及增加连接件的厚度等可以有效地提高节点的抗火性能。最后剖析了钢结构梁柱节点抗火研究中存在的不足,对未来值得关注和重视的关键问题提出展望。     

浅议热污染

通过对环境热污染现状的简要综合分析.概括分析了热污染的定义及主要来源和影响.随后进一步探讨了热污染对全球水体、大气和生物界的各种危害,最后系统地提出了几点防治环境热污染的措施.     

空调控温过程的系统动力学模拟分析

以房间、人员、设备和空调设备组成的空调控温系统为单元,以室温为目标,研究影响室温的各因素之间的关系,找出哪种因素是主要因素.运用Vensim软件建立空调控温系统的因果图和流图,并建立速率方程,进而进行模拟.根据模拟结果,对室温和温差进行分析,并探讨了空调调节系数、房子散热系数变动时对室温和波动时间的影响情况.验证了空调控温过程中室温的震荡过程和空调机发生作用的反应延迟时间.     

Investigating an assessment model of system oil leakage considering failure dependence

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Corrosion has made petrochemical infrastructure becomes a significant hazard of the surrounding environment. It is an excellent approach to reduce the...