全球气候变化的研究与进展

论述了全球气候变化的研究目标、方法、主要科学问题及近10年来国内外的研究进展和存在的主要问题。指出中国是全球的一个组成部分,又是人类活动最为强烈的地区之一,在全球气候变化、特别是人类活动诱发的气候变化的研究中占有十分重要的地位。建议大力加强全球气候变化的研究,增加研究经费的投入,积极参与国际科学合作,把当前较为分散的研究有效地组织到一些有前景的、能出高水平成果的课题上去,为全球气候变化研究做更大的贡献。     

几种化学浸提剂对底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提效果的比较

采用微生态系统生物长期暴露试验,比较５种化学浸提剂对底泥重金属生物有部分的浸提效果。结果表明,０．００５ｍｏｌ／ＬＤＴＰＡ＋０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＴＥＡ＋０．０１ｍｏＬ ＣａＣｌ２,ｐＨ７．３０是一种适合于食腐屑底栖动物的底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提剂;而０．００５ｍｏｌ／ＬＤＴＰＡ＋１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３．ｐＨ７．６８则一种适合于滤食性动物和水生根系植物底泥重金属生物有效部分浸提剂。     

Understanding the patterns and processes underlying water quality and pollution risk in West–Africa River using self-organizing maps and multivariate analyses

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rivers are dynamic systems in complex interactions with their surrounding environments. Reliable and fast interpretation of water quality is therefore...     

Blind identification of active landslides in urban areas: a new set of comprehensive criteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - More than 70% of catastrophic landslides were previously unknown and brought tremendous losses to human life and property in urban regions; therefore,...     

汞在喜鹊组织和器官中的分布规律

为了确定汞在喜鹊体内8种组织和器官中详细的分布规律,对采自太原南郊区７只喜鹊不同组织和器官中汞的含量进行了测定,并对其分布规律进行了研究。汞在喜鹊体内的分布规律为：肾＞股肌＞肝＞肺＞心＞胸肌＞胸骨＞股骨。经方差分析,组织间及个体间汞的含量均存在显著的差异。汞在喜鹊体内的分布为不均匀分布。肝和心中汞,肺和肾中汞等均具有明昱的正相关。同时,对喜鹊组织和器官中汞含量进行了生态和生理的比较。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状 Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系(A)产业废弃物的监测对象、目的与评价标准

本文就日本产业废弃物的监测内容、最新评价标准及其制定的基本思路进行了评述。     

日本废弃物的管理制度与研究现状Ⅲ.日本废弃物的试验分析方法体系(C)产业废弃物的分析方法

本文简要介绍了日本产业废弃物的监测分析方法     

Human PCDD/PCDF levels near a pentachlorophenol contamination site in Tainan, Taiwan

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) manufacturing plant in southern Taiwan discontinued production in 1989. The site of the abandoned plant was heavily contaminated by PCDD/PCDFs, impurities formed in the PCP production process. Serum samples collected from 27 residents living near the deserted plant were evaluated to determine whether this contamination had associated serum levels of PCDD/PCDFs in local residents. The average level of 17 tested congeners ranged from 556 to 5240 pg/g lipid (mean, 1670 pg/g lipid). The corresponding 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalent quotient values calculated by international toxicity equivalent factors (I-TEFs) and those recommended by WHO (WHO-TEFs) were 47.2 pg I-TEQ/g lipid and 53.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. Levels in other parts of Taiwan typically range from 15 to 20 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid; therefore, it is likely that the heavily contaminated plant site caused these unusually high serum levels. The average PCDD/PCDF levels of 29 fish-tissue and nine soil samples collected from the sea reservoir surrounding the abandoned PCP plant were also abnormally high: 8630 pg/g lipid (985 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid) and 606000 pg/g-sample (922 pg WHO-TEQ/g-sample), respectively. Factor analysis indicated that the congener pattern of human serum samples collected from residents living near the abandoned PCP plant different from samples collected from other areas in Taiwan without known PCDD/PCDF pollution. Similar results were observed for the fish tissue and soil samples. The current study may have discovered a "hot spot" for elevated dioxin human exposure in Taiwan. The preliminary finding has raised a public health concern in the inspected area and requires further investigations to clarify the nature of the contamination and potential impact on the local environment and human health.     

Dynamic Changes of Sandy Land in Northwest of Beijing, China

The area northwest of Beijing is one of the most important regions where many organizations invest and pay most attention. The environmental problems in this region affect not only Beijing but also the surrounding area. Based on observation of the characteristics of the change in sandy land, this study classified four types of dynamic change of sandy land, including extended sandy land, the reversely changed sandy land, the potential sandy land and no change in sandy land. Then the process and the trend of changes in sandy land and their environmental impact on the area northwest of Beijing were analyzed. The results show that the area of sandy land has increased in this region in the period of 1991 to 2002. Change between sandy land and grassland was the dominant change. It is found that the monitoring zones of Hunshandake sandy land and north of Yin Shan are regions with high ratio of extended sandy land, and are connected with widespread potential change of sandy land. This implies that these two regions have a high probability of increase in sandy land in the future. On the other hand, in the monitoring zone of Horqin sandy land and Ba Shang Plateau and its surrounding area, desertification had been controlled and the area of sandy land is expected to decrease. This indicates that the direction of the sandstorm to Beijing is expected to gradually move to the northwest. Furthermore, the decreases in sandy land and the reversing change from arable land to grassland and forests in the study region will affect the land quality and atmosphere. And the logistic multiple regression (LMR) model was employed to better understand the complexity and processes of increases in sandy land. This model predicts that there is a high probability of increases in sandy land in north of Siziwang Banner, Zhengxiangbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. Finally, suggestions to the ecological construction of the study area have been proposed.     

Copper recovery from leach solution of waste printed circuit boards by pulse current electrodeposition

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards is of great significance to protect natural resource and environment. Direct current...