The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project,Taiwan

Abstract

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

自然环境因素对铝合金大气腐蚀的影响性研究

目的 研究铝合金大气腐蚀受自然环境因素的影响性，探索环境因素对铝合金腐蚀的影响规律。方法 采用多层感知器神经网络分析环境因素对7种铝合金平均腐蚀速率的影响。结果 确定了影响铝合金腐蚀损伤的重要因素为SO2沉积率、Cl^–沉积率、NOx沉积率；辅要因素为年降雨量、年雾露时数、相对湿度、年日照时数、温度、铝合金成分；次要因素为年累积降水时数、雨水pH值。结论 基于多层感知器神经网络分析有效展现了环境因素对平均腐蚀速率的影响性。     

Estimating life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from corn–ethanol: a critical review of current U.S. practices

This study reviews corn–ethanol life cycle assessment studies and modeling tools to identify key discrepancies between studies, and shortcomings in analysis of greenhouse gas emissions. The primary conclusions are that direct land use change modeling, soil N₂O emissions modeling, and co-product crediting were either poorly treated or treated inconsistently across most or all studies. Despite the existence of improved methods and tools proposed by institutional bodies and the broader research community, the state of the practice tends towards over-simplified and highly generalized methods that increase potential uncertainty in greenhouse gas estimates and prevents differentiation among producers of corn ethanol.     

The influence of climate change on the allocation efficiency of new and tradition energy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this paper is to strengthen research concerning the impact of climate change on China’s water resources, in order to avoid...     

A modified VIKOR method for multiple criteria analysis

The VIKOR method was developed to solve multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems with conflicting or non-commensurable criteria. This method assumes that compromising is acceptable for conflicting resolution. Although the VIKOR method is a popular method applied in multi-criteria analysis (MCA), it has some problems when solving MCDM problems. This study discussed existing problems in the traditional VIKOR method. The objective of this study was to develop a modified VIKOR method to avoid numerical difficulties in solving problems by the traditional VIKOR method. Several synthetic experiments were designed and assessed to verify the improvement of solution efficiency of the modified VIKOR method in MCA.     

京津冀生态环境协同保护立法的基本问题

京津冀生态环境的协同保护需要立法推动,因此,有必要制定《京津冀区域生态环境协同保护条例》或者《京津冀区域国土保护与整治条例》及配套的办法。在基本原则方面,可建立一体化保护、以环境质量管理为核心、功能与用途管制、共同但有区别责任等原则。在监管体制方面,可由国务院成立实体性的区域协同发展委员会。 在制度机制方面,可采取统一的环境规划、环境标准、总量控制、环评、监测与预警应急、生态补偿等措施。在法治架构方面,要建立一体化的环境市场、信息公开、公众参与、执法监管等体系。该立法的制定要符合以下标准:定位要精准,立法目的要明确;思路要清晰,措施的层次要分明;制度可实施,协同的措施要实际;原则要坚持,采取的手段可灵活;权利要公平,赋予的义务要均衡;实施可监督,失职的责任能追究。     

DDTs对水生哺乳动物的组织残留基准初步研究

作为一种曾经广泛使用的氯化烃杀虫剂,DDT及其主要代谢产物DDE和DDD(合称为DDTs)是一类典型的具有持久性和生物累积性的有毒污染物。亲脂性和持久性使得DDTs可以通过食物链进行生物放大,从而对处于高营养级的水生哺乳动物造成严重的毒害作用。在综述DDTs对哺乳动物的毒性研究基础上,采用物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)和毒性百分数排序法(toxicity percentile rank method,TPRM)推导DDTs保护水生哺乳动物的组织残留基准(Tissue Residue Guideline,TRG)。使用SSD和TPRM得到的TRG分别为23.9和22.7 ng·g-1食物(湿重)。相应的,DDTs保护水生哺乳动物的水质基准分别为188.2和178.7 pg·L-1。依据研究得到的DDTs的组织残留基准及其在鱼类体内的含量评估对水生哺乳动物的风险。研究结果可用于评估DDTs对水生哺乳动物的生态风险,并为DDTs的风险管理提供理论依据。