Effect of NOx control processes on mercury speciation in utility flue gas

The speciation of Hg in coal-fired flue gas can be important in determining the ultimate Hg emissions as well as potential control options for the utility. The effects of NOx control processes, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), on Hg speciation are not well understood but may impact emissions of Hg. EPRI has investigated the reactions of Hg in flue gas at conditions expected for some NOx control processes. This paper describes the methodology used to investigate these reactions in actual flue gas at several power plants. Results have indicated that some commercial SCR catalysts are capable of oxidizing elemental Hg in flue gas obtained from the inlets of SCR or air heater units. Results are affected by various flue gas and operating parameters. The effect of flue gas composition, including the presence of NH3, has been evaluated. The influence of NH3 on fly ash Hg reactions also is being investigated.     

Evaluation of PCDD/F congener distributions in MWI flue gas treated with SCR catalysts

Partitioning of PCDD/F congeners between gaseous and particulate phases and removal efficiencies of the air pollution control devices (APCDs) for PCDD/Fs at an existing municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Taiwan are evaluated via stack sampling and analysis. The MWI investigated is equipped with electrostatic precipitators (EP), wet scrubbers (WS) and selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) as APCDs. The average PCDD/F concentration of stack gas is 1.49 ng/N m³, and the International Toxic Equivalent Quantity (I-TEQ) is 0.043 ng-I-TEQ/N m³. The EP increases PCDD/F concentration by 174.0% while the average removal efficiency of WS + SCR system for PCDD/Fs reaches 99.1%. In addition, the PCDF removal efficiency achieved with WS + SCR system (97.1–99.8%) is higher than that for PCDDs (96.5–99.3%). The results obtained on gas/particulate partitioning in flue gas indicate that the particulate-phase PCDD/Fs accounted for 65% at the inlet of EP, 20% at the outlet of EP and 50% at the stack, respectively, of the total PCDD/F concentrations. This study also indicates that as the chlorination level of PCDD/F congeners increases, the percentage of PCDD/Fs existing in gas phase decreases in all flue gas samples.     

Effects of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride coagulant on formation of chlorinated by products in drinking water.

The objectives of this research work was to evaluate the reduction of THM precursors by cationic p-DADMAC and determine the correlations between the chlorine demand and trihalomethane formation in the presence of electrolyte solutions and ambient light. The chlorine demand was found to be significantly reduced provided that the H2SO4 electrolyte was fed to the sample solutions. The amount of CHCl3 formation was also decreased when the Na2SO4 electrolyte was introduced in spite of the levels of light intensity. The p-DADMAC can not only effectively remove the turbidity but also reduce the formation of CHCl3. The optimum dosage of p-DADMAC for reducing the turbidity, TOC and CHCl3 in the humic acid and source water samples was determined and depended upon the nature of organics.     

粉煤灰固结技术及应用研究

为防治火电厂贮灰扬尘污染对粉煤灰固结技术进行了试验研究，目前已研制出２个系列的粉煤灰固结剂，固结后的抗压强度都在１６ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２以上，最高达７０ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２，水稳系数和冻稳系数都在０．９０－１．００，该项技术具有抑尘效果好，保持时间长，治理成本低，原料来源广泛，施工工艺简单和易于推广等特点，它可用于正在使用的灰场（包括中转灰场，碾压灰场）和贮满灰的灰场治理扬尘，还可用于灰场防渗和灰坝加固。     

南孚废电池对涡虫的急性毒性实验

将在调节酸碱性前后的南孚废电池浸泡液分别配制成不同浓度梯度，对涡虫进行急性毒性实验，观察涡虫在各浓度浸泡液中的生存与摄食情况。结果表明浸泡液对涡虫生存及摄食的影响差异极显著（P〈0．01）。主要影响因素是电池的强碱性。     

东湖通道工程施工废水的理化特性与处置对策研究

为认识东湖通道施工废水的基本特性,以不受施工干扰的湖心水样为对照,对东湖通道施工过程中产生的生产、生活废水进行了分析.结果发现,通道施工废水的主要特征是悬浮颗粒物、营养物质、还原性物质等物质的含量高,水体呈碱性;其中,坑道废水悬浮颗粒物多、浊度高;桩机打桩废水悬浮颗粒物多、浊度高、营养物质含量高;搅拌施工废水氧化还原电位高、悬浮颗粒物含量高;材料堆放废水高锰酸盐指数高,生活污水浊度高、营养物质和水中油的含量高,粪大肠杆菌群超标.坑道废水、桩机打桩废水、搅拌施工废水和生活污水均为劣Ⅴ类,材料堆放废水符合Ⅳ类水标准.针对东湖通道施工废水的理化特性,鉴于国家5A级景区对水质的较高要求,建议在施工区构建临时沉淀池、小型氧化塘等设施开展原位污废水处置,确保达标排放,避免影响水生态环境.     

Behavior of particulate matter during high concentration episodes in Seoul

The behavior of particulate matter (PM) during high-concentration episodes was investigated using monitoring data from Guui station, a comprehensive air monitoring station in Seoul, Korea, from January 2008 to March 2010. Five non-Asian dust (ND) episodes and two Asian dust (AD) episodes of high PM concentrations were selected for the study. During the ND episode, primary air pollutants accumulated due to low wind speeds, and PM_2.5 increased along with most other air pollutants. Particles larger than PM_2.5 were also high since these particles were generated by vehicular traffic rather than wind erosion. During strong AD episodes, PM_10–2.5 primarily increased and gaseous primary air pollutants decreased under high wind speeds. However, even during the AD episode, PM_2.5 and gaseous primary air pollutants increased when the effects of AD were weak and wind speeds were low. This study corroborates that accumulation of air pollutants due to a drop in surface wind speed plays an important role in short-term high-concentration occurrences. However, low wind speeds could not be directly linked to local emissions because a significant portion of accumulated air pollutants resulted from long-range transport.     

Nitrogen use efficiencies in Chinese agricultural systems and implications for food security and environmental protection

Regional Environmental Change - Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of N use in agricultural systems. Understanding changes in NUE is crucial to...     

用过滤中和法治理酸性废水

本文介绍了用过滤中和法代替传统的投药中和法治理氯碱厂酸性废水的技术.以石灰石为原料,治理费用低,出水经吹脱处理后pH值符合外排水要求,且出水水质稳定,处理效果好.投加混凝剂,可以降低外排水COD.经济效益和环境效益显著.     

Microbial dechlorination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol in anaerobic sewage sludge

Abstract

The dechlorination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) in municipal sewage sludge with a chlorophenol (CP)‐adapted consortium was investigated. Results show that dechlorination rates differed according to the source of the sludge samples used in the batch experiments. No significant differences in 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination were observed following treatment with inoculum at densities ranging from 10% to 50% (V/V), but a significant delay was noted at 5% (V/V) density. Overall, results show that the higher the 2,4,6‐TCP concentration, the slower the dechlorination rate. The addition of acetate, lactate, pyruvate, vitamin B₁₂ or manganese dioxide did not results in a significant change in 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination. Data collected from a bioreactor experiment revealed that pH 7.0 and a total solid concentration of 10 g/L were optimal for dechlorination. Dechlorination rates decreased significantly at higher agitation speeds. 2,4,6‐TCP dechlorination was enhanced under methanogenic conditions, but it was inhibited under denitrifying and sulfate‐reducing conditions.