EXAFS study of adsorbed Cu(II) on fly ashes with different residual carbon contents.

This work studied the speciation of copper species adsorbed onto the surface of fly ash using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Experimental results verified that the chemical bond between Cu(II) and the surface of the fly ash was Cu-O. The data set was optimally fitted into the two atomic shells: the first shell containing O atoms and the second shell containing Cu atoms. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data also show that, in the first shell, about 2.03-2.41 nearest oxygen atoms surround the center Cu atom with a Cu-O bond distance of 1.96-1.99 A. The results further demonstrated that the bond distance slightly increased with an increasing carbon content of the fly ash.     

Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its relevance for effects of relative humidity on adsorption of chlorinated organic vapors

The effects of relative humidity (RH) on the adsorption of methylene chloride (METH) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCEA) on two commercial activated carbons, made from bituminous coal (carbon BPL) and coconut shell (carbon PCB), were studied. Three levels of RH were tested by tracking the breakthrough curves of each adsorbate eluted from a fixed-bed adsorption column. Adsorption capacities for these adsorbates were decreased with increase of RH. The magnitude of the effect of water vapor on adsorption is greater for carbon BPL and METH than for carbon PCB and TCEA. The results of the effect of water vapor on the adsorption capacity observed in this study were further examined based on the chemical characterization of activated carbons and the fundamental physical differences between the adsorbates.     

Prenatal diagnosis of de novo distal 11q deletion associated with sonographic findings of unilateral duplex renal system,pyelectasis and orofacial clefts

In utero diagnosis of de novo distal 11q deletion associated with renal and orofacial malformations has not been previously described. We present a 35-year-old pregnant woman with prenatal sonographic findings of a unilateral duplex renal system, pyelectasis and orofacial clefts at 20 weeks' gestation. Both genetic amniocentesis and postnatal cytogenetic analysis revealed de novo 46,XX,del(11)(q23). After birth, the fetus manifested a dysmorphic phenotype correlated with del(11q) syndrome. Genetic marker analysis showed a paternally derived distal deletion of chromosome 11q and a breakpoint centromeric to D11S1341. The present case represents the earliest prenatal diagnosis of a duplex renal system, pyelectasis and an additional feature of orofacial clefts associated with distal 11q deletion. Prenatal sonographic detection of a duplex renal system, pyelectasis and orofacial clefts should warrant a careful assessment of fetal anatomy and prompt cytogenetic analysis looking for chromosomal aberrations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市污染治理市场化的可行性研究

分析了国家有关污染治理市场化的政策和法规、国内外的成功经验以及重庆具备有利条件，据测算每个家庭月增加支出污水和垃圾处理费14.35-29.84元。对城市居民的生活质量不会造成明显的负 面影响，表明城市污染治理走市场化之路是可行的。     

带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮精锻的变形分析

此文对空心坯料精锻带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮工艺进行了模拟实验,并以座标网格法着重对精锻终了阶段进行了变形分析,获得了金属流动规律,提出了对制订精锻工艺有参数价值的结论。     

硅改性生物炭吸附水中Cd(Ⅱ)机理的量化分析

以纳米二氧化硅为硅源制备硅改性生物炭,利用吸附动力学、吸附等温线及SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR、XPS等表征研究硅改性生物炭对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理,并定量分析各种吸附机制的贡献率.结果表明,当添加SiO₂质量比为0.5%时制备的生物炭(0.5SiBC)吸附Cd(Ⅱ)效果最佳,最大吸附量为132.64 mg·g^-1,是未改性生物炭(BC)的1.56倍;0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Freundlich模型,其吸附过程属于化学吸附;XRD、FTIR和XPS等结果表明,0.5SiBC吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的机理主要有矿物质沉淀、离子交换作用和络合作用,各种机理贡献率依次为：矿物质沉淀(46.61%)>离子交换(33.79%)>其他机理(18.36%)>络合作用(1.24%);0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)的离子交换和矿物质沉淀量比BC分别提高133.80%和41.46%,硅改性主要通过提高生物炭的离子交换和矿物质沉淀能力来提高吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的能力.研究表明,硅改性生物炭作为去除水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附剂具有较好的...     

秋、冬季渤海溶解N2O的分布和通量及其影响因素

通过2019年10月和12月对渤海海域进行的调查及样品采集,分析溶解N₂O的分布和影响因素,并估算其海-气交换通量。结果表明：秋季表层海水溶解N₂O浓度为(8.2±0.5)nmol/L,饱和度为(97.5±4.7)%;冬季浓度为(11.0±0.8)nmol/L,饱和度为(93.8±4.5)%。渤海表层海水溶解N₂O浓度呈现明显的季节性差异,冬季浓度高于秋季,且高值区均集中在黄河口以及莱州湾附近。秋季渤海溶解N₂O处于接近饱和状态,冬季则处于不饱和状态。温度、陆源淡水输入以及沉积物-水界面交换对渤海溶解N₂O的分布有重要影响。2019年10月和12月黄河向渤海输入N₂O的量分别约为4.2×10⁴ mol和1.1×10⁴ mol,是渤海N₂O的重要来源,而秋、冬季渤海底层的沉积物既可能是渤海水体N₂O的源,也可能是其汇。秋季和冬季渤海N₂O海-气交换通...     

玉米—大豆轮作体系对黑土土壤固氮菌群落结构及其质量的影响

以大豆连作（CS）、玉米连作（CM）、玉米—大豆轮作（MS）、玉米—玉米—大豆（MMS）和玉米—大豆—大豆（MSS）为研究对象,利用荧光定量PCR和高通量测序分析种植制度对土壤固氮菌丰度和群落结构的影响。结果表明：轮作中土壤有机质（SOM）、全磷（TP）、有效氮（AN）和有效磷（AP）的含量显著高于连作;轮作固氮菌丰度显著高于CM,显著低于CS;MMS与MSS固氮菌多样性显著高于CM;轮作和连作土壤固氮菌群落结构差异明显,全氮（TN）是固氮菌群落结构变化的主要驱动因子,种植制度通过土壤化学性质间接影响固氮菌丰度和多样性。这说明,在吉林省西部半干旱区,MSS与MMS更有利于土壤固氮菌繁殖,可以从微生物学的角度为合理种植和氮素调控提供科学依据。