NOAA卫星监测巢湖蓝藻水华的试验分析

采用实地水质采样分析、水面光谱测量等实地监测 ,并结合NOAA气象卫星遥感信息 ,对巢湖水华进行星地同步调查监测。结果表明 ,蓝藻叶绿素的存在使得进入近红外波段水体反射率明显上升 ,基于这一光谱特性以及蓝藻特有的漂浮特性 ,可利用NOAA卫星监测巢湖等内陆大面积的严重污染湖泊蓝藻水华的分布状况。     

应急监测分析方法存在的问题及建议

环境污染事故应急监测工作是处置突发性环境污染事故的前提和保证,而应急监测分析方法则是开展环境污染事故应急监测工作的基础和手段.通过对中国环境应急监测分析方法的现状、使用情况的阐述,同时结合三个实际案例,指出了存在的主要问题;并针对性的提出了建立和完善环境监测分析方法体系、对现有环境监测分析方法进行技术分级、重视应急监测期间的质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)工作、加强监测人员应急监测技术培训等四点建议.     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

浅议我国电子垃圾的回收

我国的电子垃圾回收利用基本处于失控状态，缺乏监管。回收处理方式：一是作为普通垃圾被填埋；二是对于尚能使用的废弃电子产品拿到旧货市场贩卖，不能使用的则私自拆解，回收提炼贵金属，丢弃不能利用的产品，对环境产生极大危害。因此，应建立和完善电子垃圾回收处理法规体系，回收利用体系，开发电子废物处理利用的新技术，改变无序发展状态。     

我国湖泊富营养化的现状和治理对策

湖泊富营养化是当今世界面临的最主要水污染问题之一。从我国湖泊的实际现状来看，富营养化程度十分严重。超过半数的湖泊已处于富营养化状态，大大加剧了我国的水环境污染，对其的治理已刻不容缓。本文简要分析了富营养化的形成机理及其影响因素，就目前我国对该问题的处理对策作了介绍，并指出了今后治理的发展方向。     

制定恶臭物质排放标准的原则和方法

本文叙述了制定恶臭物质排放标准的技术原则、计算方法和公式.同时以天津为例,介绍了对恶臭排放标准计算公式中的主要参数选取及确定系数的方法经验.     

运输应激对二花脸和皮特兰猪血浆应激和代谢相关激素水平的影响

比较二花脸和皮特兰猪在2h运输过程中血浆ACTH、皮质醇、胰岛素和T3、T4水平的动态变化模式,以分析内分泌激素变化的品种特征.选用雄性二花脸猪10头,皮特兰猪6头,体重达20kg时安装颈静脉瘘管,1wk后运输试验,运输过程中不同时间点采集血样,放射免疫分析法测定血浆激素水平.上车后两品种猪ACTH水平缓慢上升,60min后达到峰值,下车后15min恢复至基础水平,运输过程中ACTH水平及变化幅度均未表现显著的品种差异;运输前皮质醇水平二花脸显著高于皮特兰猪,上车后两品种皮质醇均迅速上升,出发后15min达到峰值,下车后15min均快速恢复至基础水平,运输过程中皮特兰皮质醇上升的幅度显著高于二花脸猪;两品种胰岛素水平上车后均呈下降趋势,二花脸胰岛素水平总体上显著高于皮特兰猪;T3水平在上车后也表现快速下降,无论是T3水平还是其变化幅度均不表现显著的品种差异;皮特兰猪上车后T4水平稍微下降而二花脸猪显著下降,皮特兰T4水平总体显著高于二花脸猪.运输应激伴随血浆ACTH和皮质醇水平升高,而胰岛素、T3和T4水平下降,皮质醇水平升高的幅度能够反映猪的应激敏感性.图1参25     

Chemometrics methods for the investigation of methylmercury and total mercury contamination in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea

The development and application of chemometrics methods, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mecury (HgT) in gastropod and bivalve species collected from eight coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea are described. HgT is directly determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), while MeHg is measured by a laboratory established high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry system (HPLC-AFS). One-way ANOVA and cluster analysis indicated that the bioaccumulation of Rap to accumulate Hg was significantly (P<0.05) different from other mollusks. Correlation analysis shows that there is linear relationship between MeHg and HgT in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea, while in mollusks samples collected from Hongqiao market in Beijing City, there is not any linear relationship.     

新型堆肥装置设计及其应用研究

根据城市生活垃圾的特点和性质,利用物料平衡和热力学原理进行好氧堆肥实验装置的设计,并对堆肥发酵仓容积的确定和配套辅助设备进行了研究,得出当堆肥装置直径小于225m时,需采取保温措施。通过强制通风静态仓式堆肥小试实验进行的城市生活垃圾堆肥结果表明,通过30℃及以上的水浴加热,可实现固体废物的堆肥化。     

AA3自动分析仪测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-

使用Bran＋Luebbe AutoAnalyzer 3自动分析仪，同时测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-4个项目，结果显示相对标准偏差均〈1％，回收率在92％～108％之间，检测限较低，且系统运行稳定，能够满足地表水监测的要求。