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V型排导槽是一种有利于泥石流固体物质排泄的速流结构形式,可解决泥石流在槽内发生淤积堵塞的难题,因而被广泛应用。但是,因V型排导槽流速计算中水力坡度采用相同权重横纵坡矢量合成的综合比降,导致排导槽流速计算结果不准确而仍发生泥石流淤积的现象,不能充分发挥V型排导槽的速流优势。为了揭示V型排导槽横纵比降对泥石流流速的差异影响,设计完成了25组室内模型实验,分析了不同横纵比降组合条件下泥石流流速的差异及原因,查明横纵比降均与泥石流流速呈正相关关系,其中横比降对泥石流流速的影响低于纵比降;根据实验数据建立了泥石流流速关系式,得到横比降和纵比降在V型排导槽泥石流流速中的权重分别为0.75和1.30,验证了横比降在V型排导槽综合比降中的权重影响低于纵比降,为V型排导槽过流能力计算的优化研究提供思路和参考。 相似文献
604.
Zhengwen Xu Ling Cheng Jing Shi Jiangang Lu Weiming Zhang Yunlong Zhao Fengying Li Mindong Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6571-6577
Phthalate acid esters are becoming an important class of pollutants in wastewaters. This study addresses the kinetics of removal of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) using the anion exchange resin D201-OH from an aqueous solution. The effects of various factors on the removal rate and efficiency were investigated. An overall initial removal rate (OIRR) law and a pseudo first-order kinetic (PFOK) model were also developed. The internal diffusion of DMP within the resin phase of D201-OH is the rate-controlling step. Optimization of the particle size and pore structure of the resin D201-OH, the DMP concentration, and the reaction temperature can improve the DMP removal rate. The hydrolysis reaction of DMP catalyzed by D201-OH indicates an overall reaction order of 1.76, a value that is between the first order and the second order. The apparent activation energy of the reaction is 34.6 kJ/mol, which is below the homogeneous alkaline hydrolysis activation energy of 44.3 kJ/mol. The OIRR law can quantify the initial removal rate under different conditions. The results also show that the theoretical DMP removal efficiency predicted by the PFOK model agrees well with the experimentally determined values. Our research provides valuable insights into the primary parameters influencing the kinetic process, which enables a focused improvement in the removal or hydrolysis rate for similar processes. 相似文献
605.
Industrial symbiosis, a subfield of industrial ecology, focuses on transforming the waste of one firm into the valuable input of another, which improves the competitive advantages of supply chain by reducing production cost and improving environmental performance. Considering the specific situation where there are so many state-owned big company groups in China, this paper utilizes the ideas of constructing an industrial symbiosis among different firms, and does a case study on applying the concept into the inner relationships' reconstruction among different production systems in a big state-owned smeltery in South-west China. Three kinds of approaches are explored: 1) recycling and reusing the release; 2) concentrating and abstracting metals from the residues; 3) extending the product chain for value-added products. The results show that it can effectively improve the competitive advantage of the enterprise in terms of decreasing production cost and improving environmental performance. 相似文献
606.
Li Yingchao Zhou Mengqi Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. Sun Jianchao Shi Weijie Ai Shiyun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(5):5149-5157
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a... 相似文献
607.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and... 相似文献
608.
Li Li Jing Ge Renjie Chen Feng Wu Shi Chen Xiaoxiao Zhang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(12):2615-2621
We investigated an environmentally friendly leaching process for the recovery of cobalt and lithium from the cathode active materials of spent lithium-ion batteries. The easily degradable organic acid DL-malic acid (C4H5O6) was used as a leaching reagent. The structural, morphology of the cathode materials before and after leaching were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The amount of Co and Li present in the leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Conditions for achieving a recovery of more than 90 wt.% Co and nearly 100 wt.% Li were determined experimentally by varying the concentrations of leachant, time and temperature of the reaction as well as the initial solid-to-liquid ratio. We found that hydrogen peroxide in a DL-malic acid solution is an effective reducing agent because it enhances the leaching efficiency. Leaching with 1.5 M DL-malic acid, 2.0 vol.% hydrogen peroxide and a S:L of 20 g L?1 in a batch extractor results in a highly efficient recovery of the metals within 40 min at 90 °C. 相似文献
609.
通过对1998 年长江全流域特大洪水成因和汛在贯彻中央“32”字治水方针,采用新技术、新方法、新工艺、新材料整治险工险段,加固长江干堤进展情况的调查与分析,阐述了利用高新技术对长江干堤进行整险加固的必要性和可能性及其现状,并就今后如何采用高新技术加固长江干堤,确保堤防工程体系工程质量,建立相应的安全实时监测体系和开展防汛抗洪中的关键实用技术研究开发如基于3S技术的雨情、汛情、工情、灾情的预测、预报及评估、决策支撑体系的应用与推广,堤防工程隐患的探测、监视、诊断与险情、险段的抢护整治加固材料和技术的开发与推广,洪泛敏感区工农业结构和种养模式的优化、示范与推广等等问题,提出了建设性意见 相似文献
610.
Species distribution is often closely associated with soil nutrients in terrestrial ecosystem. In contrast to most manipulated N (nitrogen) experimental studies, there are few observation experiments examining the distribution of species or functional groups along a natural soil N gradient. Alpine meadows with higher soil spatial heterogeneity at fine scale, which have a large gradient in soil N gradient, provides an ideal system to examine the distribution of species or functional groups. Here we used redundancy analysis (RDA) to examine the relationships between soil and plant properties in northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over two years. The results showed the relative biomass of forbs increased, while those of legumes and grasses decreased with the soil N availability. This suggests that legumes and grasses had stronger tolerance to infertile soils than forbs, which may due to the N2-fixed for legumes and high nutrient use efficiency for grasses. Furthermore, the positive significant relationships between the percentage of legumes biomass and N: P (phosphorus) ratio were found in the whole community and non-legumes, confirming the presence of legumes improved the vegetation N status even for non-legumes. 相似文献