超声波降解水中的氯苯

考察了用超声波降解水中氯苯的可行性、动力学、产物和TOC变化。在 2 0kHz和 4 0W的超声波作用下 ,氯苯的一级降解常数为 0 0 5 /min。随着所加超声功率的增高 ,氯苯降解常数呈线性增加。 30min内超声脱氯效率达到 6 6 % ,TOC去除达到 4 3%。     

有机垃圾的处理和资源化技术进展

有机垃圾具有易腐烂、热值低、有机质含量丰富等特点,常规的填埋和焚烧难以妥善处理。文章在分析各类有机垃圾组成和特性的基础上,认为堆肥化处理、厌氧发酵和综合利用应是有机垃圾处理和处置的发展趋势,这不仅有利于消除污染、保护环境,还能最大程度地实现物质和能量的自然循环。     

染料废水的X射线粉末衍射分析

染料生产过程的废水，其中含有致癌，致畸的有毒物质，通常需经生化处理后才排放，但生化处理并不能使其毒性消除骀尽，所以对处理后排放废水的进一步分析是当今环保分析中的一个重要课题，分光光度法，高压液相色谱及色－质联用仪是作微量分析的常用方法，但难以分析难挥发物和悬浮物，我们尝试用Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析法对分离废水得到的固态难挥发物作了分析，证明此法准确，快捷，可推广，但对胶状物或含量过低的物质则不适用。     

塔里木河干流流域区域开发与环境对策

区域开发的设计,目的在于实现资源开发和环境建设的协调发展。塔河流域具有光热资源丰富、土地资源开发潜力大、石油资源开发前景广阔等区域开发优势,同时存在水土资源不平衡、社会经济发展缓慢、科学技术水平落后、交通条件差、生态环境问题严重等区域开发的限制性因素。从塔河流域资源优势出发,针对当前区域开发的限制性因素,按照新疆经济发展对塔河流域的要求,选择“优势资源转换开发模式”为塔河流域开发战略模式。解决塔河流域生态环境问题,首先要使现有生态环境不再继续恶化,最低限度保护现有植被面积不再减少,即维护现有天然胡杨林29.8万公顷、天然灌木林111.33万公顷、天然草地90.38万公顷,在此基础上,恢复和改善下游绿色走廊的植被,约3.96万公顷。如果完成以上指标,必须确保生态用水,特别是下游段的生态用水,加强天然植被的抚育更新,并制定相应的政策、法规等。     

顺德城市化的历史分析与可持续发展的现实选择

本文对顺德市城市化的历史进程、现状、城市化机制等进行了客观评价和理论分析。认为 :顺德的“滞后城市化”是因为走“农村推动型”的城市化道路所致。指出新时期走可持续发展的城市化道路是推进顺德城市化进程的唯一途径 ,并提出其主要的思路     

叶绿素a含量与大气污染评价的研究

当绿色植物受到污染大气的侵害后,叶片中叶绿素a的含量就会下降。因此,通过测定生长于一个城市上风向(大气清洁区),侧风向(轻污区),下风向(重污区)大叶黄杨(Buxaceae buxus sp.)生长功能叶片中叶绿素a含量(c),并以Ci/C上风=A作为相对评价标准,即可在排除了采样差异的前提下,较为客观地揭示城市各区污染的宏观状况。     

中国特色的城市化问题

针对当前社会经济发展中 ,建设有中国特色的城市化问题 ,展开全方位、多视角的分析阐述。指出并纠正了认识上对城市化问题的种种误区。提出中国的城市化发展应该与国情国力、工业化发展形势相协调 ,过程应有序、健康。并认为 :(1)在相当大一段时期内 ,中国城市化水平以界定在5 0 %或 5 5 %为宜 ,而不应该盲目追求西方国家不同国情的高指标、高比例 ;(2 )对城市今后的发展规模应有一个合理限度 ,考虑人口、用地、环境的合理容量 ;(3)小城镇的发展要合理引导、分期分批、有重点地稳步发展 ;(4)乡村城镇化必须发展生态农业与生态工业 ,走集约化、专业化的道路。正确引导中国的城市化进程 ,把城市发展和农村、工业和农业、人口流动、产业政策、区域平衡、科技进步、外向型经济可持续发展等当作整体一盘棋来统筹制定总体战略     

Capture of carbon dioxide by amine-impregnated as-synthesized MCM-41

The novel carbon dioxide(CO2) adsorbents with a high capture effciency were prepared through impregnating the as-synthesized MCM-41 with three kinds of amines,namely diethylenetriamine(DETA) ,triethylenetetramine(TETA) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol(AMP) .The resultant samples were characterized by small angle X-ray diffraction and low temperature N2 adsorption.The synthesis way not only saves the energy or extractor to remove the template but also is environmentally friendly due to the absence of the potential pollutants such as toluene.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column.The sample impregnated by TETA showed the highest adsorption capacity,approximately 2.22 mmol/g at 60°C due to its highest amino-groups content among the three amines.The CO2 adsorption behavior was also investigated with the deactivation model,which showed an excellent prediction for the breakthrough curves.     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]