温度及外加碳源对生物脱氮除磷过程的影响

针对污水处理厂普遍面临的进水碳源不足及冬季低温时出水氮磷不能稳定达标的问题,研究了温度(21、15和10℃)和外加碳源(乙酸)对活性污泥缺氧条件下反硝化及释磷过程的影响。结果表明,在缺氧条件下投加乙酸,释磷与反硝化反应可同时进行,且乙酸投量的增加仅延长快速碳源反硝化阶段及缺氧释磷阶段的反应时间;温度降低为15℃和10℃时,快速碳源反硝化阶段反硝化速率及缺氧释磷速率较21℃分别降低了约29.2%、42.2%和26.1%、32.3%。当硝态氮目标去除量与磷酸盐目标释放量之比超过5时,乙酸的最优投量以满足反硝化要求为准,计算得出21、15和10℃时常州某城镇污水处理厂乙酸最优投加量计算值约为30、39和46 mg/L。     

Status of trace elements in paddy soil and sediment in Taihu Lake region

Thirteen paddy soil profiles and river sediments which are sources of irrigation water were collected around the Taihu Lake, and the trace elements were estimated. The content of La and Ce in paddy soil and sediment were 39.3 and 68.6 mg/kg soil and 36.9 and 65.1 mg/kg soil, being within the range of background values. The values for Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Zn, Se in paddy soil were 23.3, 27.8, 25.5, 63.5, 10.2, 386, 68.7 and 0.25 mg/kg soil respectively, all below the national permission level. There was a decline of Zn in paddy soil. Some of the river sediments were seriously polluted. The river in Yangjin site was most contaminated with 5.47 g Cu/kg and 7.4 g Zn/kg. The high concentration of Pb and Ni also was observed in this sediment. River in Weitang, Huashi, Xinzhuang and Meiyan were contaminated with Pb, Cu and Ni to some extent. Zn, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants in present experiment sites. The fast development of village/township industries have caused severe environmental pollution in the Taihu Lake region, especially irrigation river sediments. Se content in plant and seed was 0.04 and 0.03 mg/kg respectively, showed Se-deficiency in paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region.     

Fenton法氧化降解聚乙烯醇的机制

为深入了解Fenton法氧化降解聚乙烯醇（PVA）的机制,通过考察反应过程中COD、BOD5、总有机碳及pH等随反应时间的变化,研究了聚乙烯醇Fenton氧化降解过程的特点,结果表明,当PVA被Fenton试剂氧化时,可生成大量CO2,同时生成酸性中间产物。进一步分析认为,当Fenton试剂中H2O2不足景时PVA氧化的中间产物以醛为主,而当H2O2足量时醛会被继续氧化生成有机酸,最终COD去除率达到80％。     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

后石油时代沙生灌木直燃发电对环境的影响＊

文章通过对内蒙古中西部地区沙生灌木的成分分析,基于生命周期法(LCA),定量论证了沙生灌木直燃发电开发模式对环境的影响和推广的可行性,指出相比石油等传统能源,这种模式具有较大的潜在效益,对于我国发展绿色替代能源,促进西部地区生态环境和经济协调发展具有一定的战略意义。     

伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化动态趋势分析

根据近10年的监测数据，对伊宁市饮用水源地水质变化进行动态趋势分析，无显著变化。     

高分子树脂与介孔分子筛吸附-脱附VOCs性能对比

采用溶剂热法制备介孔聚二乙烯基苯(PDVB)树脂,并以介孔分子筛MCM-41、SBA-15为参照,从吸附-脱附甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯性能和高湿度下的疏水性能方面对其进行对比研究.结果表明,PDVB具有最大的比表面积1219.1m2/g,其对低浓度甲苯吸附量约为介孔分子筛的2倍,同时吸附性能几乎不受水汽影响.随着VOCs分子尺寸增加,3种吸附剂对VOCs的饱和吸附量均有所增加,但PDVB的穿透吸附量明显高于分子筛.热重分析表明,在200℃以下3种吸附剂上吸附的有机分子均能脱附完全,具有优良的脱附再生性能.     

生物法合成纳米铁的研究进展

纳米铁颗粒的制备技术发展迅速,方法多种多样。生物法因其具有原料来源广,反应条件温和,产物纳米级颗粒不易团聚,以及有毒副产物少等特点,成为学者们争相研究的对象。对近几年国内外采用微生物、植物提取物等合成纳米铁材料的方法及机理进行了阐述,综述了纳米铁在环保领域的应用,并对今后深入研究生物法合成纳米铁的前景进行了展望。     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜处理黄浦江原水的研究

采用粉末活性炭与超滤膜联用技术处理黄浦江原水。试验表明．投加粉末活性炭不会造成膜过滤阻力的增加。粉末活性炭的投加量越多，膜过滤阻力也越小。粉末活性炭与膜联用能有效地提高有机物的去除效果。     

FT-ICR mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of water-insoluble organic compounds in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters

Water-insoluble organic compounds（WIOCs） are an important fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matters(PM_2.5), which could affect the climate system and threaten human health potentially. In this study, molecular characterization of WIOCs in PM_2.5 were investigated by 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry（FT-ICR MS） with atmospheric pressure photoionization（APPI） source in positive ion mode. A total of 2573 and1875 molecular formulas were iden...