羽毛角蛋白海绵材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附去除

以羽毛角蛋白提取后产生的残渣为原料,采用简单物理法制得角蛋白海绵材料,通过扫描电镜和红外光谱对其表观形貌和表面结构进行表征,同时以亚甲基蓝染料作为实验对象,考察制得的海绵材料对其吸附特性和去除效果。结果表明,当吸附平衡时间为1 440 min、亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为100 mg/L、海绵材料投加量为0.06 g、反应温度为25℃、溶液pH为7.0时,海绵材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附去除率可达98%以上,同时由Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合结果可知,海绵材料对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量可达151.5 mg/g。因此,将羽毛角蛋白提取后产生的残渣可制备良好的染料吸附剂,取得良好的环境效益。     

不同粒径炉渣对磷的静态吸附

研究了不同粒级炉渣对含磷废水的静态等温吸附性能,为其在污水处理领域的有效利用和合理级配提供理论依据。经筛分得到<0.2 mm、0.2~0.45 mm、0.45~0.9 mm、0.9~2 mm、2~4 mm、4~6 mm、≥6 mm的7个粒级的供试炉渣,其中0.9~4 mm粒级占总量的64.54%。XRD、XRF分析显示,各粒级炉渣物相组成相似,<0.2 mm粒级炉渣中活性铝含量最高。静态吸附实验表明,炉渣对磷素的最大吸附量为4 021 mg/kg,最佳吸附时间为24 h;Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线可较好地拟合各粒级炉渣对溶液中磷素的吸附,而小于0.9 mm粒级炉渣具有更高的拟合度;炉渣粒径越小,吸附能力越强,<0.2 mm粒级炉渣的理论饱和吸附容量达14 084 mg/kg,≥6 mm粒级炉渣吸附磷素能力差;受粒径、溶液含磷浓度等因素影响,炉渣的平均理论吸附容量为1 142.4 mg/kg。     

Genotoxicity of oxy-PAHs to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos assessed using the comet assay

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been recognized as important environmental toxicants. Despite a plethora of information on the fate and effects of parent PAHs, relatively little is known about the environmental fate and toxicity of ketone- and quinone-substituted PAH oxidation products (termed oxy-PAHs), particularly in the aquatic environment. This study begins to fill that gap using embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model species. The genotoxic potential of two environmentally relevant oxy-PAHs, acenaphthenequinone and 7,12-benz[a]anthracenquinone, was assessed using the comet assay. We found that both oxy-PAHs could cause significant increases in DNA damage after only 48 h of exposure at the lowest concentrations tested (5 μg/L). Comparisons of the genotoxic potential between these oxy-PAHs and their corresponding parent PAHs (acenaphthene and benz[a]anthracene) and a well-known mutagenic PAH, benzo[a]pyrene, indicated similar potencies among all five of these compounds, particularly after longer (7 day) exposures. This study demonstrates the mutagenic potential of oxy-PAHs to an in vivo fish embryo model and points out the need for further study of their environmental occurrence and biologic effects.     

石油降解菌的筛选优化及其对油污土壤的修复特性

分别以牛肉膏蛋白胨-布氏哈斯培养基、蓝色凝胶培养基作为初筛和复筛培养基,从石油污染土壤中筛选出2株可产生微生物表面活性剂的石油烃降解菌。并将菌株投加到油污土壤中进行修复研究,考查了不同影响因素对修复效果的影响。研究结果表明,(1)2株菌对中度石油污染土壤有较好的修复效果,向油污土壤中直接投加菌株修复70 d时对石油烃的去除率为52%;(2)向油污土壤中投加降解菌并同时补充氮营养液,修复70 d时对土壤中总石油烃的去除率可达到75%;对土壤中正构烷烃的去除率为66%;(3)与土壤的含水率及土著菌的降解效果相比,向油污土壤中投加降解菌以及补充氮磷营养液是影响石油污染土壤修复效果的关键因素。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜（Ⅱ）

研究了在稀硫酸介质中，用α，α‘－联吡啶作活化剂，痕量铜催化高碘酸钾氧化茂红Ｔ的褪色反应及动力学条件，建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的方法。检测限为０．４１μｇ／ＬＣｕ，线性范围为０－０．８μｇ／２５ｍＬＣｕ。方法操作简单，灵敏度高，准确性好，可用于水质及人发中痕量铜的测定，结果满意。     

Trophic states of creeks and their relationship to changes in water level in Xixi National Wetland Park,China

Urban wetland parks are a new type of urban park that have developed rapidly in recent years and have caught the attention of multiple governmental departments. The objective of this paper was to describe the trophic states of creeks and their relationship to water levels in an urban wetland park in Xixi, China. The study was based on temporal and spatial data collected monthly between March 2009 and March 2010. The results indicated that: (1) water quality significantly changed from upstream to downstream in study creeks. From upstream to downstream, water quality of creeks I and III improved; however, the water quality of creek IV and V declined; (2) trophic states in Xixi creeks differed according to seasons. Overall, the nutrition in creeks was measured at the slight eutrophication level. Nutrition was highest in summer and lowest in winter; (3) the relationship between water quality and water level differed dramatically between creeks. Water quality and water level in creek I was significantly negatively correlated, while no obvious trends were observed in other creeks. In order to improve water quality in creeks, the valid technique is to strengthen the management of inflowing water quality and then control water levels.     

Oxidative stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio) gill experimentally exposed to subchronic microcystin-LR

The worldwide occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms makes it necessary to perform environmental risk assessment procedures to monitor the effects of microcytins on fish. Oxidative stress biomarkers are valuable tools in this regard. Considering that zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common model species in fish toxicology and the zebrafish gill is potentially useful in screening waterborne pollutants, this study investigated the oxidative stress response in zebrafish gill exposed to subchronic microcystin-LR (MCLR) concentrations (2 or 20?μg/l) via measurement of toxin accumulation, protein phosphatase (PP) activity, and the antioxidant parameters (glutathione-S-transferase-GST; glutathione-GSH; superoxide dismutase-SOD; catalase-CAT; glutathione peroxide-GPx; glutathione reductase-GR), as well as levels of hydroxyl radical (OH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results showed that after 30?days exposure, MCLR accumulated in zebrafish gill and MCLR exposure induced PP activity in gill. A linear inhibition of GST activity and GSH content was observed in the gills, revealing that they were involved in the first step of MCLR detoxification. The 2?μg/l MCLR treatment neglectably affected OH content and the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR), however oxidative stress was induced under the 20?μg/l MCLR treatment in which an enhanced OH content and alterations of the antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treated gills, although both treatments exerted little effect on LPO level. The principal component analysis results indicated that the most sensitive biomarkers of MCLR exposure were GST and GSH in zebrafish gill. So, D. rerio could be regarded as a suitable bioindicator of MCLR exposure by measuring CAT, GR, GST, and GSH as biomarkers.     

试论企业安全管理机制

结合我国安全管理的现状，分析了安全管理机制的性质、功能、内容及建设条件。还讨论了安全与经济效益及安全第一等概念。