用褐铁矿制备聚硅氯化硫酸铁的研究

通过正交实验研究了用盐酸、硫酸、褐铁矿和硅酸钠制备聚硅氯化硫酸铁（PSFCS）絮凝剂的工艺条件。实验结果表明,浸取时间为2.5～3 h,浸取温度为110℃,硫酸浓度为6 mol/L,盐酸浓度为3 mol/L,质量液固比为4∶1,铁的浸出率可达95.7%～96.3%。溶液中加入少量聚乙烯醇作稳定剂,亚硝酸钠作氧化催化剂。PSFCS的合成条件：Fe/Si摩尔比为2,硅酸活化pH值为2,硅酸活化时间是30～40 min,陈化时间是2～2.5 h。与聚合硫酸铁（PFS）和聚合氯化铝（PAC）比较了处理印染废水的效果,表明PSFCS具有良好的絮凝性能,COD和浊度的去除率分别可达81.4%和96.1%。     

Application of artificial neural network approach and remotely sensed imagery for regional eco-environmental quality evaluation

Eco-environment quality evaluation is an important research theme in environment management. In the present study, Fuzhou city in China was selected as a study area and a limited number of 222 sampling field sites were first investigated in situ with the help of a GPS device. Every sampling site was assessed by ecological experts and given an Eco-environment Background Value (EBV) based on a scoring and ranking system. The higher the EBV, the better the ecological environmental quality. Then, three types of eco-environmental attributes that are physically-based and easily-quantifiable at a grid level were extracted: (1) remote sensing derived attributes (vegetation index, wetness index, soil brightness index, surface land temperature index), (2) meteorological attributes (annual temperature and annual precipitation), and (3) terrain attribute (elevation). A Back Propagation (BP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was proposed for the EBV validation and prediction. A three-layer BP ANN model was designed to automatically learn the internal relationship using a training set of known EBV and eco-environmental attributes, followed by the application of the model for predicting EBV values across the whole study area. It was found that the performance of the BP ANN model was satisfactory and capable of an overall prediction accuracy of 82.4%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.801 in the validation. The evaluation results showed that the eco-environmental quality of Fuzhou city is considered as satisfactory. Through analyzing the spatial correlation between the eco-environmental quality and land uses, it was found that the best eco-environmental areas were related to forest lands, whereas the urban area had the relatively worst eco-environmental quality. Human activities are still considered as a major impact on the eco-environmental quality in this area.     

高架路桥的震害、震害原因及抗震措施

对近年来美、日等国的高架道路和高架桥梁所遭受到的地震破坏以及破坏原因进行了概述,对其在高架路桥的规划、设计、施工过程中所要取的抗震措施作了介绍。     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar aromatic compounds to four surface soils of eastern China

Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature.     

胜利油田含油污泥的植物修复研究

胜利油田滨一污水站产生的含油污泥经俄罗斯菌剂修复后含油量仍较高,为进一步降低其含油量,采用了植物修复技术.在总面积为1 000 m2的含油污泥修复场地上,分别种植了高羊茅、苜蓿、大豆、玉米和高粱,进行了120 d的植物修复.检测了植物修复前后含油污泥的含油量、基本理化性质、生物毒性、微生物数量和代谢功能多样性.对比发现,植物修复后含油污泥的石油降解率最高可达34.09%,持水率提高,生物毒性下降,微生物数量增加及代谢功能多样性增强.实验说明,植物修复是处理含油污泥的有效方法之一.     

真空紫外光降解苯的研究

为了考察真空紫外光辐射在气体净化中的应用,以苯作为目标污染物,分别进行了紫外光波长、气体湿度、反应时间、初始浓度以及辐射功率对苯光解率的影响实验。实验结果表明,真空紫外光辐射方法净化气相污染物中的苯效果良好,在一定条件下,浓度为348.2 mg/m³苯污染气体真空紫外光降解率可达到90%。通过在不同条件下苯的降解率以及臭氧浓度变化,初步探讨了苯降解的机理以及降解途径。苯的降解主要是通过氢氧自由基（·OH）的加成以及后续一系列的氧化反应,降解产物为苯酚以及含有羟基的长链烃。     

基于信息量⁃Scoops3D联合模型的地质灾害易发性评价∗

贵渝管道沿线地势险峻、构造活跃、雨量集中,崩滑流等地质灾害十分发育,科学开展管道沿线地质灾害的易发性评估工作对确保其安全运行至关重要。本研究在查明管道沿线自然地质环境及地质灾害分布的基础上,结合管道沿线地形地质特征、管道展布与斜坡体的相互空间位置关系划分了 101 段适合管道工程特点的评价单元,基于信息量数理统计模型与 Scoops3D 物理力学模型对管道沿线地质灾害的易发性进行了评价。评价结果表明管道沿线地质灾害的高易发区主要集中在遵义及桐梓县附近,其中 7 段处于极高易发区,26 段处于高易发区,20 段处于中易发区,30 段处于低易发区,18 段处于极低易发区。通过 ROC 曲线分别求得信息量、Scoops3D 以及二者联合模型的 AUC 值分别为 0.796、0.683 和 0.803,结果表明信息量-Scoops3D 联合模型的评价准确性最高。     

天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因污染特征研究

为了研究天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染特征,采集了天津市中心城区6个采样点的管网末梢水样,分别采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附-洗脱法富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用实时定量PCR技术对15种胞内ARGs和胞外ARGs进行定量检测....     

硫酸生产中废钒催化剂回收工艺研究

采用H2SO4浸取、NH4HSO3还原、NH4NO3氧化、KOH精制的方法回收废钒催化剂中的V2O5。实验结果表明,还原反应的最佳条件为：n（NH4HSO3）／n（V2O5）=1．10,还原反应温度90℃,还原反应时间2．0h。氧化反应的最佳条件为：n（KOH）／n（VO^＋）=1．10,氧化反应温度60℃,液固比8,氧化反应时间60min。该方法V2O5回收率达90．3％以上,V2O5纯度达82％以上。     

铬渣解毒处理处置技术综述

简要介绍了国内外铬盐生产现状和铬渣堆存现状,对铬渣解毒处理处置技术的五大类方法进行了评述,着重对铬渣干法解毒处理处置技术进行了研究。分析了各方法的优缺点和存在的主要问题,提出了铬渣治理要求及今后的发展方向。